African Plum Tree Extract
Also known as: Prunus africana, Pygeum africanum, African Plum Tree, African Cherry, Red Stinkwood
Overview
Prunus africana, also known as African Plum Tree, is a tree native to Africa. Its bark is extracted and used as a herbal supplement, primarily for urological health. The extract contains phytosterols, terpenes, and other bioactive compounds. It is most commonly used to alleviate symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Research maturity is moderate, with several systematic reviews and meta-analyses available, although some studies lack detailed methodology and long-term follow-up. The extract is available in various forms, including capsules and tablets. The quality of available evidence is generally good, supporting its use for BPH symptom management.
Benefits
Prunus africana extract has demonstrated significant benefits in improving urological symptoms associated with BPH. Studies show that men using the extract are more than twice as likely to report symptom improvement compared to placebo (RR=2.1, 95% CI = 1.4, 3.1). Specific symptom reductions include a 19% decrease in nocturia, a 24% reduction in residual urine volume, and a 23% increase in peak urine flow. Some studies suggest potential benefits in addressing sexual disturbances related to BPH or prostatitis, although the evidence is less robust. These benefits are primarily observed in men with BPH, with moderate to large effect sizes for symptom improvement. Most studies have short durations (30-122 days), so long-term benefits are less clear.
How it works
The mechanism of action of Prunus africana involves anti-inflammatory and hormonal modulation, although the specific pathways are not fully elucidated. It is believed to affect the prostate and urinary system by reducing inflammation and improving urine flow. While specific molecular targets are not well-defined, the extract likely modulates androgenic activity and inflammation. Data on absorption and bioavailability are limited, but the extract's bioactive compounds are thought to interact with the prostate gland, potentially inhibiting the production of inflammatory substances and promoting smoother urinary function.
Side effects
Prunus africana is generally considered safe, with mild side effects being the most commonly reported adverse events. Gastrointestinal disturbances are the most frequent side effects. Uncommon and rare side effects are not well-documented. Potential interactions with other medications affecting the prostate or urinary system are not well-studied, so caution is advised when combining it with other treatments. There are no established contraindications, but caution is advised in pregnancy and breastfeeding due to a lack of safety data. Limited data are available on the use of Prunus africana in children or elderly populations, so its use in these groups should be approached with caution.
Dosage
The typical minimum effective dose of Prunus africana extract is 50-100 mg per day of a standardized extract. Most studies use dosages ranging from 50-200 mg per day. The maximum safe dose is not well-established, but doses above 200 mg per day are less commonly studied. There are no specific timing recommendations for taking the extract. Capsules or tablets are the common forms of administration. Bioavailability may vary based on the extract quality and formulation. No specific cofactors are required for its use.
FAQs
Is Prunus africana safe to use?
Prunus africana is generally safe, but monitor for gastrointestinal side effects. Consult a healthcare provider if you experience any adverse reactions.
When should I take Prunus africana?
There are no specific timing recommendations. It can be taken at any time of the day, preferably with a meal to minimize potential gastrointestinal discomfort.
How long does it take to see results?
Improvement in BPH symptoms may be noticeable within a few weeks of consistent use. However, individual responses may vary.
Does Prunus africana cure BPH?
No, Prunus africana does not cure BPH, but it may alleviate symptoms such as frequent urination, nocturia, and urinary hesitancy.
Are there any contraindications?
There are no established contraindications, but caution is advised in pregnancy and breastfeeding due to a lack of safety data. Consult a healthcare provider before use.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11869585/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis examined 18 RCTs involving 1562 men with BPH. The mean study duration was 64 days, and the key findings indicated a significant improvement in urological symptoms and flow measures compared to placebo. The review highlighted good quality evidence for symptom improvement, but noted methodological limitations in some studies.
- https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/15/8298 – This article likely discusses the molecular mechanisms and bioactive compounds present in Prunus africana. It may provide insights into how these compounds interact with biological pathways to produce the observed benefits in BPH symptom management. Further review of the full text is needed to provide a more detailed summary.
- https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-388/pygeum – This WebMD page provides general information about Pygeum (Prunus africana), including its uses, effectiveness, side effects, and interactions. It serves as a consumer-friendly resource for understanding the basics of this herbal supplement and its potential benefits and risks.
- https://altmedrev.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/v7-1-71.pdf – This article from Alternative Medicine Review likely provides a comprehensive overview of Prunus africana, including its pharmacology, clinical applications, and safety profile. It may offer a detailed analysis of the available research and evidence supporting its use in managing BPH symptoms.
- https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/ijfn.2024.42 – This study evaluates a combination of Prunus africana, Urtica dioica, and Epilobium angustifolium. The study found potential benefits in BPH symptoms when combined with standard therapy, but lacked a placebo group and had a short duration, requiring further investigation.
