Aged tangerine extract
Also known as: Aged tangerine extract, Chenpi extract, Citrus reticulata peel extract
Overview
Aged tangerine extract is derived from the peel of Citrus reticulata, commonly known as tangerine, which has been aged for a minimum of three years. This aging process enhances the concentration and stability of its bioactive compounds, including various flavonoids (such as hesperidin and nobiletin), essential oils, and polymethoxylated flavones. Traditionally, it has been utilized in various cultures for its digestive, cardiovascular, and metabolic health benefits. Modern scientific research is exploring its potential in managing lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis (fatty liver), and obesity. The extract is characterized by its rich flavonoid content, which contributes to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering properties. While research on aged tangerine extract specifically is emerging, broader studies on citrus extracts provide a foundation for understanding its potential health applications. It is classified as a botanical extract and phytochemical supplement, often grouped with citrus flavonoids and polyphenols.
Benefits
Aged tangerine extract, particularly its flavonoid components, offers several evidence-based benefits, primarily in metabolic and cardiovascular health. Meta-analyses of citrus extracts, including tangerine, have shown statistically significant reductions in total cholesterol and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, indicating a positive impact on lipid profiles. These effects are particularly relevant for individuals with dyslipidemia. Furthermore, some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that citrus extract supplementation can lead to modest reductions in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and hip circumference, making it potentially beneficial for overweight and obese adults as an adjunct to lifestyle changes. Beyond these primary effects, aged tangerine extract exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which contribute to overall cardiovascular protection by reducing oxidative stress. Recent preclinical research also highlights its potential in improving insulin resistance and reducing hepatic lipid accumulation, suggesting benefits for liver health. While the effect sizes for weight loss are modest, the lipid-lowering effects are statistically significant, though clinical significance depends on individual baseline risk. Benefits typically become apparent after 8–12 weeks of consistent supplementation.
How it works
Aged tangerine extract exerts its effects primarily through the modulation of lipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory pathways. Its key bioactive compounds, particularly flavonoids like hesperidin and nobiletin, interact with various molecular targets. These include peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which are crucial regulators of energy metabolism. By influencing these pathways, the extract can inhibit cholesterol synthesis and enhance the clearance of lipids from the body, leading to improved lipid profiles. Additionally, its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties help reduce oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, contributing to cardiovascular protection. The extract's interaction with the metabolic system can lead to improved insulin sensitivity and a reduction in hepatic steatosis. While the bioavailability of flavonoids can vary, the aging process of the tangerine peel may enhance the stability and absorption of these beneficial compounds.
Side effects
Aged tangerine extract is generally considered safe for consumption at recommended dosages, with a low incidence of adverse effects. The most commonly reported side effect, though rare, is mild gastrointestinal discomfort. There are no well-documented uncommon side effects (1-5% incidence). Allergic reactions are possible in individuals with known citrus allergies, but these are rare (<1% incidence). Due to its flavonoid content, aged tangerine extract may potentially interact with certain medications. Caution is advised for individuals taking lipid-lowering drugs (e.g., statins) or anticoagulants, as flavonoids can influence their metabolism or effects. It is crucial to consult a healthcare provider before combining aged tangerine extract with these medications. Contraindications are primarily limited to individuals with a known allergy to citrus. The safety of aged tangerine extract during pregnancy and lactation has not been well established, and therefore, its use in these populations is not recommended without medical supervision.
Dosage
The optimal dosage for aged tangerine extract is not yet firmly established, as clinical studies on citrus extracts use a wide range of doses. However, studies on citrus flavonoids often utilize 500–1000 mg per day of an extract standardized for its flavonoid content. There is no well-defined maximum safe dose, but higher doses may increase the risk of mild gastrointestinal discomfort. For best absorption, it is generally recommended to take the daily dose with meals. Co-administration with fats may further enhance the absorption of the flavonoids. Extracts standardized for their flavonoid content are preferred to ensure consistent potency. There are no specific cofactors required for its efficacy. The benefits are typically observed over a period of 8–12 weeks of consistent daily supplementation.
FAQs
Is aged tangerine extract effective for weight loss?
Evidence suggests modest benefits on weight and adiposity markers, but effects are generally small. It should be considered a complementary supplement to a healthy diet and regular exercise, not a standalone solution for weight loss.
Is it safe to take aged tangerine extract with cholesterol medications?
Caution is advised due to potential interactions with lipid-lowering drugs. It is crucial to consult your healthcare provider before combining aged tangerine extract with any prescription medications, especially those for cholesterol.
How long does it take to see the effects of aged tangerine extract?
Clinical trials typically observe beneficial effects, such as improvements in lipid profiles, after 8 to 12 weeks of consistent daily supplementation. Individual responses may vary.
Are there differences between fresh and aged tangerine extracts?
Yes, the aging process of tangerine peel is believed to enhance the potency and stability of its bioactive compounds, potentially leading to a more concentrated and effective extract compared to fresh peel extracts.
Can aged tangerine extract replace statins or other lipid-lowering drugs?
No, aged tangerine extract should not be used as a replacement for prescribed medications like statins. It may serve as an adjunct therapy to support cardiovascular health, but always under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
Research Sources
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.822678/full – This systematic review and meta-analysis, published in Frontiers in Pharmacology in 2022, investigated the effects of citrus extracts on lipid profiles. It included both preclinical and clinical studies, finding significant reductions in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. The study highlighted heterogeneity in designs and populations but provided moderate-quality evidence for lipid-lowering effects of citrus extracts.
- https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/article/82/9/1292/7272715 – Published in Nutrition Reviews in 2023, this meta-analysis focused on the impact of citrus fruits on body weight. It analyzed randomized controlled trials with sufficient sample sizes, reporting modest but statistically significant reductions in body weight, BMI, and waist circumference in some studies. The research is considered high-quality due to its systematic approach using clinical trial data, despite variable results across studies.
- https://ouci.dntb.gov.ua/en/works/4VY5EBq7/ – This review from MDPI Foods in 2019 summarized recent advances regarding the benefits of aged citrus peel. It discussed traditional uses and emerging molecular evidence for its anticancer, cardiovascular, and metabolic properties. While providing a comprehensive overview, the review primarily relied on preclinical and observational data, indicating a moderate quality of evidence for specific claims.
- https://www.dovepress.com/tangerine-peel-derived-exosome-like-nanovesicles-alleviate-hepatic-ste-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJN – This preclinical study, published in DovePress in 2024, explored the effects of tangerine peel-derived nanovesicles on hepatic steatosis. It demonstrated a reduction in insulin resistance and hepatic lipid accumulation, suggesting a novel mechanism of action. While promising, this is preliminary evidence from a preclinical setting, requiring further human trials to confirm its applicability and efficacy.
