Alcohol
Also known as: Ethanol, Drinking alcohol, Beer, Gin, Vodka, Wine, Jager
Overview
Alcohol, otherwise known as Drinking alcohol or ethanol, is the main ingredient in a wide range of social drinks and the reason for the differentiation between 'Alcoholic' and 'Non-alcoholic' drinks. It is a neuroactive chemical that is able to change one's perception, and has a unique metabolic pattern relative to other sources of calories (the macronutrients; carbohydrates, proteins, and dietary fats). It contributes 7 calories per gram energy-wise, but this does not always correlate well with bodyweight like the other macronutrients do.
Benefits
Alcohol acts as a central nervous system depressant, which means it slows down brain function and neural activity. When consumed, it is absorbed into the bloodstream and affects various neurotransmitter systems, including gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate. This interaction leads to the characteristic effects of alcohol, such as relaxation, reduced anxiety, and impaired motor coordination. The metabolism of alcohol primarily occurs in the liver, where enzymes convert it into acetaldehyde and then into acetic acid, which is eventually broken down into carbon dioxide and water.
How it works
Moderate alcohol consumption has been associated with certain potential benefits, including: 1. Social enjoyment: Alcohol can enhance social interactions and contribute to a sense of relaxation in social settings. 2. Cardiovascular health: Some studies suggest that moderate alcohol consumption may be linked to a lower risk of heart disease. 3. Longevity: There is some evidence that moderate drinkers may have a lower risk of mortality compared to heavy drinkers or abstainers. However, these benefits must be weighed against the risks associated with alcohol consumption.
Side effects
Abstinence from drinking is defined as having no ethanol intake whatsoever. "Moderate" drinking in the literature is dependent on gender and not ultimately defined, but an upper limit can be placed at 9 units per week for women and 12-14 units a week for men, with no single event exceeding 4 units. A unit is typically 12 oz (355 mL) of 5% beer, 5 oz (150 mL) 12.5% wine, or 0.85 oz (25 mL) of drinks with a higher (40%) alcohol content.
Dosage
Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to a range of side effects, including: 1. Impaired judgment and coordination: Alcohol can significantly affect cognitive and motor functions. 2. Addiction: Regular heavy drinking can lead to alcohol dependence and addiction. 3. Liver damage: Chronic alcohol use can result in liver diseases, including fatty liver, hepatitis, and cirrhosis. 4. Increased risk of certain cancers: Alcohol consumption has been linked to an increased risk of cancers, particularly breast and liver cancer. 5. Mental health issues: Heavy drinking can exacerbate mental health problems, including depression and anxiety.
FAQs
What is alcohol?
Alcohol, otherwise known as ethanol, is a neuroactive chemical that is the main ingredient in a wide range of social drinks.
What are the effects of alcohol on the body?
Alcohol acts as a central nervous system depressant, affecting brain function and neural activity.
What are the recommended limits for alcohol consumption?
Moderate drinking is defined as up to 9 units per week for women and 12-14 units per week for men.
What are the potential benefits of moderate alcohol consumption?
Potential benefits include social enjoyment, possible cardiovascular health benefits, and a potential link to longevity.
What are the risks associated with alcohol consumption?
Risks include impaired judgment, addiction, liver damage, increased cancer risk, and mental health issues.
Supplements Containing Alcohol
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