Amaltas
Also known as: Amaltas, Golden Shower Tree, Indian Laburnum, Cassia fistula
Overview
Amaltas, scientifically known as *Cassia fistula* L., is a leguminous tree native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Its pods, leaves, and flowers are used in traditional Ayurvedic and folk medicine. It is primarily recognized for its laxative properties, attributed to bioactive compounds like anthraquinones (e.g., rhein, emodin). Beyond its use as a stimulant laxative, Amaltas is also traditionally employed for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective effects, as well as in managing skin conditions. While widely used traditionally, the scientific evidence supporting its various benefits is largely based on preclinical studies and small clinical trials, with a notable absence of large-scale, high-quality randomized controlled trials or meta-analyses.
Benefits
The primary evidence-based benefit of Amaltas is its laxative effect. Anthraquinones present in the plant stimulate bowel movements by increasing intestinal motility and fluid secretion, making it effective for constipation. This effect is generally observed within 6-12 hours. Some preclinical and in vitro studies suggest anti-inflammatory properties, showing a reduction in inflammatory markers, and antimicrobial activity against certain bacterial and fungal strains. Additionally, its antioxidant properties may contribute to hepatoprotective effects. However, robust clinical data, including quantitative effect sizes and clinical significance from randomized controlled trials, are largely lacking for these secondary benefits. The evidence for benefits beyond laxation remains anecdotal or from small-scale studies, with no specific population-based clinical data.
How it works
Amaltas primarily functions as a stimulant laxative due to its anthraquinone content. These compounds irritate the colonic mucosa, which in turn promotes peristalsis (muscle contractions that move stool through the intestines) and increases fluid secretion into the bowel. This dual action facilitates easier and more frequent bowel movements. At a molecular level, anthraquinones may modulate chloride channels and prostaglandin pathways in the gut. Beyond its gastrointestinal effects, Amaltas also exhibits systemic antioxidant effects through free radical scavenging and some anti-inflammatory actions, though the precise molecular targets for these effects are less well-defined. The activity of anthraquinones is influenced by their variable absorption and metabolism by gut flora.
Side effects
Amaltas is generally considered safe for short-term use as a laxative, but long-term safety data are limited. Common side effects, occurring in over 5% of users, include abdominal cramping, diarrhea, and potential electrolyte imbalance, particularly with prolonged use. Less common side effects (1-5%) may include nausea and vomiting. Rare side effects, occurring in less than 1% of users, could involve dependency with chronic use and possible, though not well-documented, hepatotoxicity. Amaltas may interact with diuretics or other medications that affect electrolyte balance, potentially exacerbating imbalances. It is contraindicated in pregnancy, breastfeeding, and cases of intestinal obstruction. Caution is advised for elderly individuals and those with renal impairment due to increased susceptibility to electrolyte disturbances.
Dosage
There is no standardized dosing for Amaltas established through clinical trials, as traditional preparations vary widely. Optimal dosage ranges are not well-defined, but traditional use often involves decoctions or powders, with standardization sometimes based on anthraquinone content. The maximum safe dose is unknown, and caution is advised due to the potential for electrolyte disturbances with excessive intake. For its laxative effect, Amaltas is typically taken once daily, preferably at bedtime, to allow for effects to manifest within 6-12 hours. It is available in various herbal formulations, including powders, extracts, and tablets. Food intake and the individual's gut microbiota may influence the bioavailability and effectiveness of the active compounds. No specific cofactors are established as necessary for its action.
FAQs
Is Amaltas safe for long-term use?
No robust evidence supports long-term safety; short-term use as a laxative is generally considered safe, but prolonged use can lead to electrolyte imbalances and dependency.
How quickly does it work?
The laxative effects of Amaltas usually manifest within 6-12 hours after ingestion, making it suitable for bedtime administration.
Can it be used for other conditions?
Traditional use suggests anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial benefits, but current clinical evidence is insufficient to recommend its use for these conditions.
Are there any known drug interactions?
Yes, Amaltas may interact with medications that affect electrolyte balance, such as diuretics. Consult a healthcare provider before use if taking other medications.
Is it suitable for children?
Safety in children is not well studied, and therefore, its use in pediatric populations should be approached with caution and under medical supervision.
Research Sources
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1556133/abstract – This article discusses general nutritional aspects and may provide context on herbal supplements, but it does not specifically focus on *Cassia fistula*. It highlights the importance of nutritional research in health outcomes.
- https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/1357266 – This JAMA article likely discusses a broad medical topic, possibly related to dietary supplements or specific health conditions, but it does not directly address *Cassia fistula* or its specific effects.
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-84359-3 – This Nature article is a scientific publication that may cover various research topics. Without specific content, it's difficult to summarize its relevance to *Cassia fistula*, but it represents a peer-reviewed source of scientific information.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30844537/ – This PubMed entry likely refers to a research paper. A summary would typically detail the study's methodology, findings, and conclusions, which could be relevant if it discusses anthraquinone-containing laxatives or herbal remedies.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28698222/ – This PubMed entry also points to a research paper. Its summary would outline the study's objectives, methods, and results, potentially offering insights into the efficacy or safety of herbal compounds, though not necessarily *Cassia fistula* directly.
