American Elder Extract
Also known as: Sambucus nigra, American elder, Common elder, Elderberry, European elder, *Sambucus canadensis*
Overview
Elderberry extracts, derived from the berries, flowers, or leaves of the elder tree (*Sambucus canadensis* and *Sambucus nigra*), have been traditionally used for their potential health benefits, particularly against colds and influenza. These extracts are rich in anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, contributing to their high antioxidant capacity and potential antiviral effects. While the historical use of elderberry spans various cultures, current research on its efficacy is mostly derived from in vitro studies and limited clinical trials, pointing to a low to moderate quality of evidence. Specific applications include the alleviation of upper respiratory symptoms and general immune support, although definitive clinical guidelines remain sparse and further studies with robust design are warranted.
Benefits
Elderberry is primarily associated with the following benefits: it can reduce the duration of influenza symptoms when taken within 48 hours post-onset, as evidenced by a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that showed significant symptom relief. Additionally, elderberry may decrease the severity and duration of upper respiratory symptoms during air travel, supported by a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving over 300 participants. The secondary effects include demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro, potentially benefiting the general population, particularly during cold and flu seasons. However, effect sizes vary, and further evidence is needed to solidify these claims.
How it works
Elderberry exerts its effects primarily through antiviral activity, which involves inhibiting viral replication and modulating immune responses. The bioactive compounds in elderberry, such as anthocyanins, interact with viral proteins and inflammatory mediators, thereby influencing cytokine production. However, the absorption of these active constituents is relatively poor, which may limit their efficacy without concurrent dietary considerations to enhance bioavailability.
Side effects
Generally, elderberry is recognized as safe when taken as commercial preparations. While no common side effects (>5%) are well-documented, some users may experience gastrointestinal upset if the elderberry parts are not properly prepared. Rarely (<1%), acute pancreatitis has been reported in isolated cases. Though no specific contraindications are identified, there is potential for interactions with medications such as insulin, blood pressure agents, and laxatives. Additionally, the safety of elderberry use during pregnancy and lactation remains uncertain due to insufficient data.
Dosage
Recommended dosages of elderberry vary based on application. For influenza management, a common dosage is 15 mL of elderberry syrup taken four times per day for five days, initiated upon the onset of symptoms. For maintaining health during air travel, a dosage of 600 mg/day is advised starting ten days before travel, increasing to 900 mg/day the day before departure. Overall, the minimum effective dose is not well-established, and maximum safe dosage thresholds are also undetermined. The form of elderberry, such as syrup or capsules, may influence absorption and effectiveness; it is advisable to consider combining with anthocyanin-rich foods to enhance the extract's effects.
FAQs
Is elderberry safe to use?
Elderberry is generally considered safe when used properly, but improper preparation of raw parts may pose risks.
When should I take elderberry for flu symptoms?
It is best to start taking elderberry at the onset of flu symptoms for optimal effects.
What are the expected results of elderberry supplementation?
Users can expect reduced duration and severity of cold and flu symptoms based on some studies.
Are there any common misconceptions about elderberry?
One common misconception is the belief that there is extensive clinical evidence supporting its efficacy; most research has involved smaller studies.
How does elderberry interact with medications?
Elderberry may interact with insulin and blood pressure medications; it's advisable to consult a healthcare provider if you're taking these.
Research Sources
- https://www.drugs.com/npp/elderberry.html – This source provides an overview of elderberry's uses, benefits, and safety profile, emphasizing its efficacy in reducing flu symptoms. It notes the importance of readiness and proper preparation to avoid toxicity.
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259696401_An_Evidence-Based_Systematic_Review_of_Elderberry_and_Elderflower_Sambucus_nigra_by_the_Natural_Standard_Research_Collaboration – This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of elderberry and elderflower, highlighting their roles in managing respiratory symptoms and their potential health benefits, while advocating for larger clinical trials.
- https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09540105.2021.1978941 – This article reviews the herbal extract with a focus on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, concluding that while evidence for clinical use exists, more high-quality studies are necessary.
- https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-food-072023-034423 – This meta-analysis summarizes findings on the effectiveness of elderberry for treating cold and flu symptom duration, suggesting positive outcomes while emphasizing the need for further robust research.
Supplements Containing American Elder Extract
Recommended Articles
Immune Supplements & Pregnancy Safety 2025
The safety of immune-boosting supplements during pregnancy in 2025 hinges on supplement type, dosage, and health conditions.
Top Ingredients for Healthy Weight Management
Dietary fiber, protein, omega-3 fatty acids, and water are crucial for managing a healthy weight.
Top Anti-Inflammatory Supplement Ingredients
Curcumin, omega-3 fatty acids, CBD, and Vitamin D are proven to effectively reduce chronic inflammation.
Top Men's Vitality Supplements & Ingredients
Vitamin D, Zinc, Magnesium, and L-arginine are crucial for men's vitality, supported by scientific evidence.