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Andrographis Paniculata Extract

Also known as: Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees, Chuan Xin Lian, King of Bitter, Andrographis paniculata

Overview

Andrographis paniculata, commonly known as Chuan Xin Lian or King of Bitter, is a plant native to Asia and has been traditionally used in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine. It is primarily recognized for its medicinal properties, particularly in treating acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). The main active compound, andrographolide, exhibits antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, contributing to its therapeutic effects. It is available in various forms, including capsules and tablets, and is often used to alleviate symptoms such as cough and sore throat associated with ARTIs. Research on Andrographis paniculata is considered to be at a moderate level, with several clinical trials exploring its efficacy. However, the quality of evidence is generally moderate due to methodological limitations in many studies. It is generally well-tolerated orally, though gastrointestinal side effects are common.

Benefits

Andrographis paniculata has demonstrated efficacy in improving symptoms of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). Clinical studies have shown a standardized mean difference (SMD) of -0.39 for cough and -1.13 for sore throat compared to placebo, indicating a significant reduction in these symptoms. It may also reduce the duration of symptoms and sick leave. These benefits are generally observed within a few days of treatment initiation. While generally beneficial for individuals with ARTIs, more research is needed to determine specific benefits for different populations. The effect sizes are statistically significant but may vary based on the specific formulation and study design. The quality of evidence is considered moderate due to methodological limitations in some studies.

How it works

Andrographis paniculata's therapeutic effects are primarily attributed to andrographolide, its main active compound. Andrographolide exerts antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory actions, which contribute to its ability to alleviate symptoms of ARTIs. It interacts with the immune system by modulating inflammatory responses and exhibits antimicrobial activity against certain pathogens. While the exact molecular targets are not fully elucidated, it likely involves pathways related to inflammation and immune response. Limited data is available on its absorption and bioavailability, but it is generally considered to be well-tolerated orally.

Side effects

Andrographis paniculata is generally considered safe, but gastrointestinal side effects are common. Common side effects, occurring in more than 5% of users, include gastrointestinal disorders such as nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Uncommon side effects, affecting 1-5% of users, include skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders like rash and pruritus. Serious adverse events are rare, occurring in less than 1% of users. Due to limited data on drug interactions, caution is advised with concurrent use of medications that affect the liver or gastrointestinal system. It is contraindicated in pregnancy and breastfeeding due to insufficient safety data. Caution is also advised in individuals with pre-existing gastrointestinal conditions. It's important to monitor for side effects, especially gastrointestinal issues, when using Andrographis paniculata.

Dosage

The typical dosage of Andrographis paniculata extract ranges from 300 to 1200 mg per day. Most studies use doses within this range. The maximum safe dose is not well-defined, but doses above 1200 mg per day are less commonly studied. It is best taken with meals to minimize gastrointestinal side effects. Capsules or tablets are common forms. Food intake may affect absorption. Start with a low dose and monitor for gastrointestinal side effects. There are no specifically identified required cofactors.

FAQs

How should I take Andrographis paniculata?

Take Andrographis paniculata with meals to minimize gastrointestinal side effects. Start with a low dose and monitor for any adverse reactions.

Is Andrographis paniculata safe?

It is generally safe, but monitor for side effects, especially gastrointestinal issues. Consult a healthcare provider before use, especially if you have pre-existing conditions.

When can I expect to see results?

You may experience improvement in ARTI symptoms within a few days of starting treatment. However, it is not a substitute for medical treatment.

Are there any precautions I should take?

Consult a healthcare provider before use, especially if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or taking other medications. Monitor for gastrointestinal side effects.

What is the optimal dosage?

Most studies use doses between 300 to 1200 mg per day. Start with a lower dose and increase as needed, while monitoring for side effects.

Research Sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28783743/ – This systematic review of 33 RCTs involving 7175 patients found that Andrographis paniculata improves ARTI symptoms and shortens symptom duration. However, the methodological quality of the included trials was noted as poor, limiting the overall quality assessment to moderate.
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/4/348 – This systematic review and meta-analysis of 10 RCTs and 3 intensive monitoring studies identified common nonserious adverse events associated with Andrographis paniculata, including gastrointestinal disorders. The study noted limited data on serious adverse events, and the quality assessment was moderate due to variability in study design.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33372366/ – This review provides background on the phytochemical properties of Andrographis paniculata, highlighting that andrographolide exhibits antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. It is not a clinical study but provides valuable context on the plant's active compounds.
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.773282/full – This study investigates the pharmacological activities of Andrographis paniculata and its active compounds, focusing on their mechanisms of action in various disease models. It highlights the potential of andrographolide and other constituents in modulating inflammatory pathways and immune responses.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/pds.5190 – This paper discusses the safety and tolerability of Andrographis paniculata extracts in clinical trials. It provides an overview of the adverse events reported in various studies, contributing to the overall safety profile assessment of the supplement.