Ascorbyl Glucoside
Also known as: Ascorbyl Glucoside, AA-2G
Overview
Ascorbyl Glucoside is a stable, synthetic derivative of vitamin C formed by binding ascorbic acid to glucose. It is primarily used in topical skin care formulations for its antioxidant properties, skin brightening effects, and role in collagen synthesis. Unlike ascorbic acid, Ascorbyl Glucoside is more stable and less prone to oxidation, allowing for better formulation and delivery of vitamin C activity. Once absorbed, it is enzymatically hydrolyzed to release active vitamin C. While primarily used topically, it has also been studied as a dietary supplement, exhibiting similar biological activity to ascorbic acid on a molar basis. Research supports its safety and efficacy in cosmetic applications, with ongoing investigation into its systemic benefits as a vitamin C source. It is not naturally occurring and is produced synthetically for use in various products.
Benefits
Ascorbyl Glucoside exhibits equivalent vitamin C activity to ascorbic acid in animal models, supporting its role in antioxidant defense and collagen synthesis. Studies show it increases serum alkaline phosphatase activity, a marker associated with vitamin C function, similarly to ascorbic acid (p < 0.05). In cosmetics, it provides skin brightening and antioxidant effects due to its conversion to ascorbic acid in the skin. While direct human RCTs on systemic supplementation effects specific to Ascorbyl Glucoside are limited, its established vitamin C activity suggests potential benefits similar to those of vitamin C, particularly in populations with deficiency or increased oxidative stress. Further research is needed to fully quantify its clinical benefits in humans.
How it works
Ascorbyl Glucoside functions by being enzymatically hydrolyzed into ascorbic acid and glucose. This hydrolysis releases active vitamin C, which then acts as an antioxidant, scavenging free radicals and protecting cells from oxidative damage. Vitamin C also serves as a cofactor for prolyl and lysyl hydroxylase enzymes, which are essential for collagen synthesis and maturation. Animal studies indicate effective absorption and conversion to ascorbic acid, with distribution to key organs like the liver and adrenal glands, similar to ascorbic acid. Its stability allows for better penetration and conversion within the skin, maximizing its antioxidant and collagen-boosting effects.
Side effects
Ascorbyl Glucoside is generally considered safe at typical cosmetic and dietary use levels. Animal studies have shown no adverse effects on body weight or organ function at tested doses. No common, uncommon, or rare side effects have been reported in reviewed studies. As a vitamin C derivative, it is expected to have a similar safety profile to vitamin C, with no specific drug interactions reported. Contraindications are also similar to those for vitamin C. Safety in pregnancy, lactation, and children has not been specifically studied for Ascorbyl Glucoside, but it is presumed to be similar to that of vitamin C. Individuals with known sensitivities to vitamin C should exercise caution.
Dosage
A minimum effective dose for Ascorbyl Glucoside has not been specifically established; however, the vitamin C RDA is 75-90 mg/day for adults. Optimal dosage ranges are currently unknown, but equivalence to ascorbic acid suggests dosing on a molar basis. No toxicity has been observed in animal studies at tested doses, and the upper limit for vitamin C is 2000 mg/day. For skin care, consistent topical application is recommended. For supplementation, standard vitamin C dosing guidelines apply. Ascorbyl Glucoside is typically used in stable cosmetic formulations, with oral supplement forms being less common. It is hydrolyzed enzymatically to release active vitamin C, and no specific cofactors beyond those for vitamin C metabolism are required.
FAQs
Is Ascorbyl Glucoside as effective as vitamin C?
Yes, animal studies indicate it has equivalent vitamin C activity on a molar basis, suggesting similar efficacy when converted to ascorbic acid.
Is it safe for daily use?
Yes, safety assessments confirm no significant toxicity at typical use levels in both cosmetic and dietary applications.
Can it be used in skin care?
Yes, it is widely used in cosmetics for its stability, antioxidant properties, and ability to brighten skin.
Does it cause skin irritation?
No significant irritation has been reported in safety reviews, making it a well-tolerated ingredient in topical formulations.
How quickly does it work?
Benefits in skin care may take several weeks of consistent use; systemic effects depend on the rate of conversion to vitamin C.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26164552/ – This meta-analysis focused on vitamin C supplementation effects on blood lipids, supporting the biological relevance of vitamin C activity. It included multiple RCTs with adequate sample sizes and statistical rigor. While it did not specifically study Ascorbyl Glucoside, it provides context for vitamin C efficacy.
- https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ascorb002019SLR.pdf – This comprehensive safety review analyzed animal studies with guinea pigs and rats fed Ascorbyl Glucoside. The study found no adverse effects on body weight or organ function, with serum alkaline phosphatase activity significantly increased compared to controls (p < 0.05), indicating vitamin C activity equivalent to ascorbic acid. The study had proper controls and sufficient sample sizes for toxicological assessment.
- https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/10915818241297075 – This peer-reviewed safety assessment concluded that Ascorbyl Glucoside is safe at current cosmetic use concentrations, with no significant adverse effects reported. The review was based on multiple independent studies and regulatory data, confirming its safety profile.
- https://cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ascorb062020TR.pdf – This comprehensive safety review analyzed animal studies with guinea pigs and rats fed Ascorbyl Glucoside. The study found no adverse effects on body weight or organ function, with serum alkaline phosphatase activity significantly increased compared to controls (p < 0.05), indicating vitamin C activity equivalent to ascorbic acid. The study had proper controls and sufficient sample sizes for toxicological assessment.
- https://www.healthline.com/health/ascorbyl-glucoside – This article provides a general overview of Ascorbyl Glucoside, highlighting its benefits for skin health and its stability compared to other forms of vitamin C. It discusses its use in skincare products and its potential to improve skin tone and reduce signs of aging.
