Asiatic Dogwood Extract
Also known as: Asiatic Dogwood, Shan Zhu Yu, Asiatic Dogwood Extract, Cornelian cherry, Cornus officinalis
Overview
Asiatic Dogwood Extract is derived from the fruit of *Cornus officinalis*, a plant extensively utilized in traditional East Asian medicine. This herbal supplement is recognized for its rich content of bioactive compounds, including loganic acid, loganin, and sweroside, which contribute to its therapeutic properties. Traditionally, it has been employed for its potential benefits in cardiovascular support, blood health, and metabolic regulation, particularly concerning blood glucose and lipid profiles. The extract is characterized by its high concentration of iridoid glycosides and antioxidants, exhibiting notable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and insulin-mimetic effects. While preclinical studies, including in vitro and animal models, have shown promising results, the research maturity level is moderate, with a limited number of high-quality human clinical trials. The available evidence primarily stems from animal studies, and systematic reviews often focus on related species or animal models, indicating a need for more extensive human research to fully establish its efficacy and safety.
Benefits
Asiatic Dogwood Extract demonstrates several evidence-based benefits, primarily observed in preclinical studies. Its most significant effect is blood glucose reduction: in STZ-induced diabetic rats, oral doses of 100-400 mg/kg of *C. officinalis* extract significantly lowered blood glucose levels and improved lipid profiles (HDL, LDL, triglycerides). This suggests a strong potential for metabolic regulation, though human clinical relevance is yet to be established. The extract also exhibits robust antioxidant activity, increasing antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GPx) and reducing oxidative stress markers, which may be beneficial in conditions like diabetic nephropathy. Furthermore, certain extracts have shown anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α release in immune cells, although the extent of this effect can vary. Secondary effects include potential gut health modulation, as seen in piglet models where a related species showed modest trends toward reduced oxidative stress and inflammation. While animal studies show statistically significant biochemical improvements, human clinical data are largely absent, meaning population-specific benefits and clinical significance are not yet well-defined. Benefits in animal models typically manifest over several weeks of supplementation.
How it works
Asiatic Dogwood Extract exerts its effects through several key biological pathways. It demonstrates insulin-mimetic activity by inhibiting the α-glucosidase enzyme, which reduces glucose absorption and promotes insulin secretion, thereby contributing to blood glucose regulation. The extract also upregulates antioxidant enzymes such as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), effectively reducing oxidative damage within the body. Its anti-inflammatory properties are mediated by modulating cytokine expression, specifically inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α. The primary interaction with body systems involves metabolic pathways, influencing glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as modulating the immune response and mitigating oxidative stress. Known molecular targets include the α-glucosidase enzyme, PPARγ expression, and various inflammatory cytokines. While specific pharmacokinetic data are limited, the bioactive iridoids present in the extract are water-soluble and are likely absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract.
Side effects
The overall safety profile of Asiatic Dogwood Extract is not well-established in humans, as significant safety concerns have not been reported in animal studies, but human safety data are sparse. Common, uncommon, and rare side effects are not well-documented in human populations. Due to its observed insulin-mimetic effects in animal studies, there is a potential for drug interactions, particularly with antidiabetic medications. Caution is advised for individuals taking such drugs, as the extract could theoretically potentiate their effects, leading to hypoglycemia. Contraindications are not formally established, but individuals with diabetes who are on medication should exercise caution and consult a healthcare professional before use. Furthermore, there is no available data regarding the safety or effects of Asiatic Dogwood Extract during pregnancy, lactation, or in pediatric populations, making its use in these special populations unadvised without further research.
Dosage
The optimal dosage ranges for Asiatic Dogwood Extract in humans are not yet defined, as most research has been conducted in animal models. Animal studies have shown effects at oral doses of 100 mg/kg, but a human equivalent dose has not been established. In these animal studies, dosages typically ranged from 100-400 mg/kg. The maximum safe dose for human consumption is currently unknown. In animal research, the extract was typically administered daily. For form-specific recommendations, water or methanol extracts standardized for their iridoid content appear to be the most active forms. Water extraction methods are preferred as they preserve the active iridoids. To ensure potency, products with minimal fillers are recommended. There are no specified required cofactors for its efficacy. Due to the lack of human data, any use should be approached with caution, especially concerning potential interactions with medications.
FAQs
Is Asiatic Dogwood Extract safe for diabetic patients?
Animal studies suggest glucose-lowering effects, but human safety and potential interactions with diabetes medications are not fully understood. Caution is advised, and consultation with a healthcare professional is recommended.
How soon can benefits be expected?
Based on animal studies, measurable effects typically appear after several weeks of consistent supplementation. Human response times may vary and are not yet established.
Can it replace standard diabetes or cardiovascular medications?
No, current evidence does not support replacing prescribed medications. Asiatic Dogwood Extract is considered an adjunctive supplement, pending further human clinical trials.
Are all dogwood extracts the same?
No, different species (e.g., *C. officinalis* vs. *C. mas*) and extraction methods can result in varying compositions and potencies. Ensure the product specifies *Cornus officinalis* and a suitable extraction method.
Research Sources
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9102190/ – This study investigated the effects of *Cornus officinalis* extract on STZ-induced diabetic rats. It found that oral administration significantly lowered blood glucose levels, improved lipid profiles (HDL, LDL, triglycerides), and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GPx), suggesting potential benefits for managing diabetes and related complications.
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8618406/ – This research explored the anti-inflammatory properties of *Cornus officinalis* extracts. It indicated that certain extracts could inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in immune cells, highlighting its potential role in modulating inflammatory responses, though effects varied by extract type and concentration.
- https://mspace.lib.umanitoba.ca/bitstreams/71c73d40-7ffd-46ea-be9b-5c0a139de0eb/download – This study, conducted in piglet models, examined the effects of red osier dogwood extract (a related species) on gut health. It showed trends toward reduced oxidative stress and inflammation markers in the gut, suggesting a modest beneficial impact on gut health, though effects were less pronounced compared to antibiotics.
- https://1stchineseherbs.com/asiatic-dogwood-fruit-shan-zhu-yu-nuherbs-lab-tested-whole-1-lb/ – This source provides general information about Asiatic Dogwood fruit (Shan Zhu Yu) as a traditional Chinese herb. It describes its common uses and availability as a whole herb, emphasizing its historical application in East Asian medicine.
- https://www.activeherb.com/extract/shanzhuyu – This commercial source offers details on Shan Zhu Yu extract, highlighting its traditional uses and properties. It provides context on how the extract is prepared and its perceived benefits within the framework of traditional herbal practices.
