Astragalus mongholicus Root Extract
Also known as: Astragalus mongholicus Bunge, Astragalus membranaceus Fisch. ex Bunge, Mongolian milkvetch, Huang Qi, Astragalus mongholicus
Overview
Astragalus mongholicus root extract (AM) is derived from the dried root of the Astragalus mongholicus plant, a prominent herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). It is primarily recognized for its 'Qi-tonifying' and immune-regulating properties. The extract contains several bioactive compounds, including astragalosides (notably astragaloside IV), flavonoids, and polysaccharides, which are believed to be responsible for its diverse pharmacological effects. Traditionally, AM has been used for immune modulation, anti-aging, cardiovascular support, diabetes management, anti-fibrosis, and as an adjunct in cancer therapy. While extensive preclinical and animal studies support its potential, high-quality human clinical trials are still emerging and often limited in scale, indicating a moderate but growing body of research.
Benefits
Astragalus mongholicus offers several evidence-based benefits. A meta-analysis of animal studies demonstrated significant anti-fibrotic effects, particularly in reducing liver fibrosis by modulating collagen deposition and inflammatory pathways. It is also recognized for its immune-regulating properties, acting as an immunostimulant, especially in mitigating chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression. Clinical evidence suggests cardiovascular benefits, with improvements in cardiac function and left ventricular diastolic function observed in hypertensive women with metabolic syndrome when combined with conventional therapy. Furthermore, animal studies and small clinical trials indicate anti-diabetic potential, showing improvements in glucose metabolism and protection against diabetic complications. Secondary effects include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-aging activities. Patients with liver fibrosis, chronic heart failure, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and those undergoing chemotherapy may particularly benefit. For instance, a meta-analysis of 14 RCTs in lupus nephritis patients showed improved clinical outcomes when Astragalus-containing Chinese herbal medicine was combined with Western medicine. Treatment durations in clinical studies typically range from 3 to 6 months.
How it works
Astragalus mongholicus exerts its effects through the modulation of various inflammatory and fibrotic pathways. Key mechanisms include the regulation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, as well as the inhibition of collagen synthesis. Its bioactive compounds, particularly astragaloside IV and polysaccharides, interact with signaling molecules involved in fibrosis, inflammation, and cell proliferation. The extract enhances antioxidant defense, modulates the immune system, and contributes to metabolic regulation, including glucose and lipid metabolism, while also offering protection to cardiac tissues. Astragaloside IV is considered a primary active component with moderate bioavailability, while polysaccharides may exert immunomodulatory effects via gut-associated lymphoid tissue.
Side effects
Astragalus mongholicus is generally considered safe, with a long history of traditional use and good tolerability reported in clinical studies. The most commonly reported side effect is mild gastrointestinal discomfort, which occurs occasionally. There are no consistent reports of major or severe adverse events in controlled trials. However, caution is advised regarding potential interactions with immunosuppressants and anticoagulants, although more comprehensive data are needed to fully characterize these interactions. Contraindications are not well-defined, but due to its immune-modulating properties, it is generally recommended to use with caution during pregnancy and in individuals with autoimmune diseases. While it may benefit elderly individuals and those with chronic diseases, monitoring is advisable in these populations due to limited specific data.
Dosage
The minimum effective dose for Astragalus mongholicus is not firmly established, but animal studies suggest human-equivalent doses ranging approximately 10-30 mg/kg of astragaloside IV. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, typical daily doses of the dried root equivalent range from 9 to 30 grams. Clinical studies involving Astragalus-containing preparations show considerable variation in dosage. The maximum safe dose has not been clearly defined, but traditional use indicates a high safety margin. For chronic conditions, it is often administered daily over several months. For consistency and efficacy, extracts standardized to specific bioactive compounds like astragaloside IV or polysaccharides are preferred. While no specific cofactors are identified as essential, its effects may be enhanced when combined with other traditional Chinese herbs or through specific delivery systems.
FAQs
Is Astragalus Mongholicus safe for long-term use?
Generally, it is considered safe for long-term use based on traditional practice, but extensive clinical data on its long-term safety are still limited. Consult a healthcare professional for prolonged use.
Can it be used alongside chemotherapy?
Yes, it may help mitigate chemotherapy-induced immune suppression. However, due to possible interactions with other medications, it is crucial to consult with your healthcare provider before combining it with chemotherapy.
How soon can benefits be expected?
Clinical improvements are typically reported after several weeks to months of consistent use, depending on the condition being addressed and individual response.
Does it cure fibrosis or cancer?
No, Astragalus mongholicus is not a standalone cure for fibrosis or cancer. It may support treatment by modulating relevant biological pathways, but it should be used as an adjunct and not a replacement for conventional medical therapies.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37722514/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies investigated the anti-fibrotic effects of Astragalus mongholicus, specifically astragaloside and polysaccharides, on liver fibrosis. The study found that these compounds significantly reduced fibrosis markers and collagen deposition, supporting the herb's potential in treating fibrosis. Methodological quality was assessed using the SYRCLE tool, and results were statistically significant.
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1395844/full – This meta-analysis of 14 randomized controlled trials involving 800 lupus nephritis patients evaluated the efficacy of Astragalus-containing Chinese herbal medicine combined with Western medicine. The findings indicated that this combination significantly improved clinical outcomes compared to Western medicine alone. The studies had control groups and treatment durations of 3-6 months, though heterogeneity in regimens was noted.
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11670317/ – This exploratory review highlighted the multiple signaling pathways modulated by Astragalus bioactive compounds, including astragaloside IV, formononetin, and polysaccharides. The evidence primarily stemmed from in vitro and animal studies, indicating broad pharmacological potential. The review emphasized the need for more high-quality human trials to confirm clinical efficacy and optimal dosing.
- https://www.drugs.com/npp/astragalus.html – This source provides a general overview of Astragalus, including its traditional uses, potential benefits, and safety considerations. It mentions its use as an immunostimulant, particularly to counteract chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression, and its potential in diabetes management. The information is based on a compilation of various research findings and traditional knowledge.
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.976561/full – This article discusses the cardiovascular support provided by Astragalus, noting clinical evidence for improved cardiac function and left ventricular diastolic function in hypertensive women with metabolic syndrome when combined with conventional therapy. It also touches upon the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-aging properties of the herb, mediated through various signaling pathways.
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