Auricularia Mesenterica Mushroom
Also known as: Auricularia mesenterica, Wood ear mushroom
Overview
Auricularia mesenterica, a macrofungus in the Auricularia genus, thrives in temperate and subtropical forests, typically on decaying wood. While often referred to as wood ear mushroom, this name is more commonly associated with Auricularia auricula-judae and A. polytricha. It has been used in Asian cuisine and traditional medicine for its potential health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic effects. The mushroom contains bioactive polysaccharides, proteins, and secondary metabolites, contributing to its high antioxidant capacity and health-promoting properties. Research on A. mesenterica is limited, with most evidence extrapolated from related Auricularia species. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are available for the Auricularia genus, but not specifically for A. mesenterica.
Benefits
Auricularia species, including A. mesenterica, exhibit significant antioxidant effects in vitro and in animal models, comparable to other medicinal mushrooms. Human studies on A. auricula-judae showed that 12 g/day improved LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and bone density in abdominal obese women. Genus-level evidence suggests anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, and antitumor properties, though direct randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on A. mesenterica are lacking. Potential benefits for lipid profiles and bone health in obese populations are indicated by related species. Modest improvements in LDL and triglycerides have been observed, and high in vitro antioxidant capacity is noted, though clinical translation is still under investigation. Antioxidant effects are measurable within hours in vitro, while metabolic benefits are observed after weeks to months in human studies on related species.
How it works
Auricularia mesenterica exerts its effects through several biological pathways. Its polysaccharides and phenolic compounds scavenge free radicals, providing antioxidant activity. It modulates cytokine production and immune response, contributing to anti-inflammatory effects. The mushroom may also influence lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis. Polysaccharides act on immune receptors (e.g., TLRs) and antioxidant enzymes. While polysaccharides are poorly absorbed intact, they may exert effects via gut microbiota modulation. Some bioactive metabolites may be absorbed and exert systemic effects, enhancing both innate and adaptive immunity. It may also improve lipid profiles and reduce thrombotic risk.
Side effects
Auricularia species are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when consumed as food, with limited adverse events reported in human studies. Common side effects are not reported in clinical studies on related species. Uncommon side effects include rare instances of gastrointestinal discomfort based on anecdotal reports. Allergic reactions are extremely rare. No significant drug interactions have been reported, though there is a theoretical risk with anticoagulants due to potential antithrombotic effects. There are no established contraindications, but caution is advised for individuals with mushroom allergies. Due to insufficient data, pregnant or lactating women and children should avoid supplementation unless consumed as part of a normal diet.
Dosage
A minimum effective dose has not been established for A. mesenterica. For A. auricula-judae, 12 g/day showed metabolic benefits. Dosage recommendations are extrapolated from related species, suggesting 5–15 g/day of dried mushroom. No upper limit has been established, with high doses (up to 12 g/day) being well-tolerated in clinical studies. There are no specific timing recommendations; it can be taken with meals. It is available in dried whole mushroom, powder, or extract forms, with bioavailability potentially varying. Polysaccharides are poorly absorbed, and effects may depend on gut microbiota. No required cofactors have been identified.
FAQs
How can I ensure I am using the correct species of mushroom?
Ensure correct species identification to avoid confusion with toxic mushrooms. Purchase from reputable sources and consult with experts if needed.
Is Auricularia mesenterica safe to consume?
No significant toxicity has been reported in human studies on related species, but caution is advised for individuals with mushroom allergies.
When is the best time to take Auricularia mesenterica?
No specific timing is required; it can be consumed daily with meals as part of a balanced diet.
What benefits can I expect from taking this supplement?
Modest improvements in lipid profiles and antioxidant status may be observed, based on studies of related species.
Are all Auricularia species the same?
No, not all Auricularia species are identical in bioactive content. Research and benefits may vary between species.
Research Sources
- https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/9/4941 – This systematic review on heat treatments and bioactivity of Auricularia species highlights the high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of these mushrooms. Human studies on A. auricula-judae (12 g/day) showed improved lipid profiles and bone density in obese women, with no adverse effects, suggesting potential health benefits.
- https://www.ajol.info/index.php/gjs/article/view/222333/209775 – This review article discusses the medicinal properties of Auricularia species, noting that they contain bioactive metabolites with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, and antitumor properties. The review emphasizes the potential health benefits derived from these mushrooms, though direct RCTs on A. mesenterica are lacking.
- https://pfsyst.botany.pl/pdf-191757-116035?filename=Auricularia+_wood+ear.pdf – This taxonomic study confirmed the presence of A. mesenterica in Iranian forests and highlighted the nutritional and bioactive properties of the Auricularia genus. While the study focuses on taxonomy and phylogeny, it underscores the potential health-promoting characteristics of this mushroom species.
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sustainable-food-systems/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2022.882939/full – This systematic review examines the impact of heat treatments on the bioactivity of Auricularia species, including A. mesenterica. The review highlights the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of these mushrooms, as well as their potential for improving lipid profiles and bone density, based on studies of related species.
