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Bergamot Orange Extract

Also known as: Bergamot orange, Bergamot extract, Bergamot oil, Citrus bergamia

Overview

Bergamot orange (*Citrus bergamia*) is a citrus fruit primarily cultivated in the Calabrian region of Italy, renowned for its high concentration of polyphenols, particularly flavanones like neoeriocitrin, naringin, and neohesperidin. These compounds have garnered attention due to their potential health benefits, notably in metabolic and cardiovascular health maintenance. Bergamot extract is increasingly utilized in nutraceutical formulations, supported by a plethora of studies that highlight its effectiveness in enhancing metabolic profiles, specifically through substantial reductions in cholesterol and triglyceride levels alongside improvements in endothelial function. The existing evidence base includes numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews, establishing bergamot as a promising supplement for individuals facing metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular challenges. The extract is commonly available in capsule or liquid form, and its applications extend to other health improvements beyond traditional cardiovascular benefits.

Benefits

Bergamot extract demonstrates significant evidence-based health advantages, including marked reductions in total cholesterol (by -63.60 mg/dL), LDL cholesterol (by -55.43 mg/dL), and triglycerides (by -74.72 mg/dL), while increasing HDL cholesterol by +5.78 mg/dL. It has shown enhancement of endothelial function, particularly in athletic populations, with male cyclists experiencing a 22% improvement. Furthermore, individuals with metabolic syndrome have reported beneficial effects on blood glucose levels (a 15% reduction) and inflammation (CRP reduction by 40%). The extract has also been linked to mood enhancement and improved quality of life, especially among menopausal women. Consequently, bergamot extract is particularly beneficial for those dealing with poor metabolic profiles and cardiovascular risk factors, supported by high-quality studies emphasizing its effectiveness in these groups.

How it works

Bergamot extract primarily exerts its effects through the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, an essential enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis, thereby reducing cholesterol levels. The flavonoids in bergamot promote the production of nitric oxide, which enhances endothelial function and vascular health. Additionally, bergamot extract influences metabolic pathways by lowering blood glucose levels and improving insulin sensitivity. Importantly, the formulation of bergamot as phytosomes helps improve its bioavailability, leading to enhanced absorption and overall efficacy.

Side effects

Bergamot extract is typically regarded as safe when consumed at recommended dosages, with clinical evaluations reporting minimal adverse reactions. Although serious side effects are rare, individuals with citrus allergies should exercise caution. Pregnant and breastfeeding women are advised to consult healthcare professionals before using bergamot, due to insufficient safety data in these populations. While documented interactions with medications, particularly lipid-lowering agents, are limited, it is prudent for those on such medications to seek medical advice prior to supplementing with bergamot. Overall, the safety profile of bergamot extract is promising, although continued monitoring for any potential adverse effects as new research emerges is recommended.

Dosage

The minimum effective dose for bergamot extract is approximately 150 mg per day of the polyphenolic fraction, with most research studies employing doses in the range of 500 mg to 650 mg per day. No upper limit has been definitively established, but doses of up to 1000 mg daily have demonstrated no significant adverse effects. It is advisable to divide the daily dose into two administrations throughout the day, and formulations employing phytosome technology may improve the bioavailability and absorption of bergamot. While no specific cofactors are necessary to optimize absorption, the presence of vitamin C may bolster the stability and efficacy of bergamot polyphenols during supplementation.