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Bifidobacterium animalis

Also known as: Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, B. lactis, Bifidobacterium lactis

Overview

*Bifidobacterium animalis* subsp. *lactis*, commonly known as *B. lactis*, is a probiotic strain widely used in fermented foods and dietary supplements. It is valued for its potential to promote gastrointestinal health and bolster immune function. This probiotic is characterized by its resilience to bile salts and low pH levels, enabling it to survive and function effectively within the gastrointestinal tract. *B. lactis* is primarily used to support gut health and enhance immune response. Research on *B. lactis* is moderately mature, with numerous clinical trials and systematic reviews exploring its effects. Available evidence suggests potential benefits such as improved defecation frequency and stool consistency, particularly in individuals without pre-existing gastrointestinal issues. It is available in various forms, including capsules, powders, and fermented foods, making it accessible for diverse consumption preferences.

Benefits

*B. lactis* offers several evidence-based benefits, primarily related to gastrointestinal health. A systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that *B. lactis* supplementation significantly increases defecation frequency (SMD, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.13-0.39) and improves stool consistency (SMD, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.44-1.08) in individuals without gastrointestinal symptoms. Furthermore, *B. lactis* HN019 has demonstrated immune-enhancing properties, particularly in elderly subjects, by improving polymorphonuclear phagocytic capacity and natural killer cell activity. These benefits suggest that *B. lactis* can be a valuable supplement for promoting digestive regularity and supporting immune function, especially in specific populations like the elderly.

How it works

*B. lactis* exerts its beneficial effects through several mechanisms within the gut. Primarily, it modulates the gut microbiota composition, fostering a balanced environment that supports overall digestive health. Additionally, *B. lactis* enhances the gut barrier function, preventing the leakage of harmful substances into the bloodstream. It also plays a role in regulating immune responses by influencing cytokine production and immune cell activity. While specific molecular targets are not fully identified, its interaction with the gut ecosystem helps in competing with pathogens and improving the body's natural defense mechanisms.

Side effects

*B. lactis* is generally considered safe for consumption, with minimal adverse effects reported in most studies. The most common side effects, occurring in more than 5% of users, are mild gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloating or gas. Uncommon side effects, affecting 1-5% of users, are not consistently reported. Rare side effects, occurring in less than 1% of users, are not well-documented. No significant drug interactions have been reported, but caution is advised for immunocompromised individuals. While *B. lactis* is safe for healthy adults and the elderly, more data are needed to establish its safety profile in other populations. Individuals with compromised immune systems should consult a healthcare provider before using *B. lactis* supplements.

Dosage

The minimum effective dose of *B. lactis* typically ranges from 10^7 to 10^9 CFU per day, with optimal dosage ranges between 10^8 and 10^10 CFU per day. While the maximum safe dose is not definitively established, doses up to 10^10 CFU have been used without significant adverse effects. It is best taken with meals to enhance its survival through the stomach's acidic environment. *B. lactis* is available in various forms, including capsules, powders, and fermented foods. Its resistance to bile and low pH enhances its survival and effectiveness in the gastrointestinal tract. No specific cofactors are required for its activity.

FAQs

Is *B. lactis* safe to use?

*B. lactis* is generally safe and well-tolerated, but some individuals may experience mild gastrointestinal symptoms initially. Immunocompromised individuals should consult a healthcare provider before use.

When is the best time to take *B. lactis*?

It is best to take *B. lactis* with meals to enhance its survival through the stomach's acidic environment, which aids in its effectiveness.

What are the expected benefits of taking *B. lactis*?

Over time, *B. lactis* may improve gastrointestinal symptoms and support immune function by modulating gut microbiota and enhancing barrier function.

Can *B. lactis* cure severe gastrointestinal diseases?

*B. lactis* is not a cure for severe gastrointestinal diseases but may support overall gut health by competing with pathogens and improving immune defense mechanisms.

Research Sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34918142/ – A systematic review and meta-analysis of 14 studies on healthy adults found that *B. lactis* supplementation increased defecation frequency and improved stool consistency. The study noted mixed evidence for other gastrointestinal symptoms and was assessed as moderate quality due to variability in study designs.
https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/article-abstract/80/6/1619/6464082?redirectedFrom=fulltext – This systematic review and meta-analysis focused on the effects of *B. lactis* on defecation frequency and stool consistency. The review indicated that *B. lactis* supplementation led to improvements in these areas, suggesting potential benefits for individuals seeking to improve their digestive regularity.
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/3/191 – A systematic review and meta-analysis focused on elderly subjects showed that *B. lactis* enhanced immune function, particularly phagocytic capacity and natural killer cell activity. The study was limited to immune function outcomes and was assessed as moderate quality due to its focus on a specific population.
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.790561/full – A review on gut health highlighted that *B. lactis* supports gut health by maintaining barrier function and competing with pathogens. While informative, this review lacks original data and is not a primary research study, providing a general overview of the probiotic's role in gut health.
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-Effect-of-Bifidobacterium-animalis-ssp.-lactis-Miller-Lehtoranta/6dfc2c42a5baf1a4e71a5caf908ee1edc1ebf067 – This paper examines the effect of *Bifidobacterium animalis* ssp. *lactis* on various health outcomes. It provides insights into the probiotic's mechanisms and potential benefits, contributing to the broader understanding of its role in gut health and immune function.