Bioferrin
Also known as: Bioferrin, Lactotransferrin, Lactoferricin, Lactoferrin
Overview
Lactoferrin is a globular glycoprotein belonging to the transferrin family, naturally occurring in various secretory fluids, including milk, saliva, and mucus, as well as in specific white blood cells. It is primarily utilized as a dietary supplement due to its iron-binding capabilities, which enhance iron absorption and improve iron status. Lactoferrin is recognized for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. The body of research surrounding lactoferrin is well-established, with numerous clinical trials and systematic reviews examining its impact on hemoglobin levels, iron status, and overall health, establishing high-quality evidence for its benefits.
Benefits
Lactoferrin is shown to significantly increase hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations compared to ferrous sulfate, with a meta-analysis indicating a standardized mean difference (SMD) of -0.81 (95% CI: -1.21, -0.42, p < 0.0001). It aids in improving iron status and reducing inflammatory cytokines, establishing notable benefits, particularly for individuals with iron deficiency anemia. The moderate to significant effect sizes confirm the clinical significance of these improvements, typically observed within several weeks to months of supplementation. Studies indicate that patients with low serum hemoglobin concentrations experience substantial gains from lactoferrin supplementation.
How it works
Lactoferrin exerts its effects by binding to iron, facilitating its absorption in the gastrointestinal system and promoting its utilization throughout the body. Additionally, it possesses anti-inflammatory properties, which may enhance erythropoiesis. By targeting iron-binding sites and modulating inflammatory pathways, lactoferrin reduces circulating inflammatory cytokines, thereby improving overall iron bioavailability despite lower fractional absorption when compared to traditional iron supplements.
Side effects
Lactoferrin is generally recognized as safe and is well-tolerated with higher compliance rates than conventional iron supplements. In the reviewed literature, no common side effects were reported at frequencies greater than 5%. Furthermore, uncommon side effects were not highlighted, suggesting an overall favorable safety profile. Rare side effects (<1%) and significant drug interactions are also absent, with no specific contraindications identified. However, patients with iron deficiency anemia, particularly those intolerant to standard iron supplementation, may find lactoferrin a preferable alternative without significant safety concerns.
Dosage
The recommended dosage of lactoferrin for improving hemoglobin levels ranges from 100 to 250 mg per day, with trials reporting efficacy within this range. There is no established maximum safe dose, as dosages up to 250 mg/day have been used without adverse effects. It is suggested that lactoferrin is taken with meals to optimize absorption, with oral forms being the most commonly researched. Its bioavailability can be positively influenced by its anti-inflammatory properties, leading to improved overall iron utilization.
FAQs
Is lactoferrin safe to take?
Yes, lactoferrin is considered safe, with no significant side effects reported in clinical trials.
How should lactoferrin be taken?
It is best taken with meals to enhance absorption.
When can I expect results from lactoferrin supplementation?
Improvements in hemoglobin levels and iron status can typically be expected within a few weeks to months.
Does lactoferrin provide iron directly?
No, lactoferrin does not serve as a direct source of iron but enhances iron absorption and utilization.
Can people with side effects from iron supplements take lactoferrin?
Yes, it may be a safer alternative for those who experience adverse effects from conventional iron supplements.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38291525/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis examined nineteen randomized clinical trials, finding a statistically significant increase in hemoglobin levels among lactoferrin users compared to ferrous sulfate.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/3/543 – This systematic review assessed clinical trials involving iron-deficiency anemia patients, reporting lactoferrin's superior impact on iron status and erythropoiesis, along with reduced inflammatory cytokines.