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Black Elderberry Berry Extract

Also known as: Black Elderberry, European Elder, Elder, Sambucus nigra

Overview

Black elderberry, scientifically known as *Sambucus nigra*, is an herbal supplement derived from the ripe berries of the elderberry plant native to Europe, western and central Asia, and North Africa. The dark violet-black berries contain bioactive compounds, particularly anthocyanins, flavonoids, and vitamins, which underpin their traditional uses, largely for addressing upper respiratory symptoms associated with the common cold and influenza. In addition to its antiviral properties, elderberry may exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. It is crucial to process elderberries as raw berries contain toxic cyanogenic glycosides. The research quality surrounding elderberry usage varies; however, systematic reviews indicate it can effectively reduce the duration and severity of viral respiratory symptoms, although further studies are warranted for definitive guidelines.

Benefits

Black elderberry has demonstrated several evidence-backed benefits, particularly in alleviating upper respiratory symptoms. A pivotal meta-analysis reported a substantial reduction of these symptoms, establishing it as a strong candidate for alternative treatments against viral infections. The findings indicate a large mean effect size reducing the duration of upper respiratory illness. Furthermore, elderberry may lower the occurrence of influenza complications versus standard treatments like oseltamivir. Additionally, some evidence suggests its potential in mitigating inflammatory responses. These benefits are applicable across various demographics, including adults and children, although specific dosing may be tailored to age.

How it works

The therapeutic effects of elderberry primarily stem from its rich content of anthocyanins, which possess both anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties. These compounds interact directly with viral pathogens, potentially inhibiting viral replication and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine production. By modulating the immune response, black elderberry may help in reducing symptoms associated with viral infections and enhancing the body’s resistance to such pathogens.

Side effects

Elderberry is generally well tolerated when processed correctly; however, raw or unripe berries are toxic and should never be consumed. Reported common side effects (>5%) are minimal, with occasional gastrointestinal disturbances like nausea or diarrhea noted but infrequent. There are no widely recognized uncommon or rare side effects documented in clinical settings. It is essential to consider possible drug interactions, particularly with diabetes medications that may lower blood sugar levels, and theophylline used for respiratory conditions, which may have reduced effectiveness when combined with elderberry. Safety is a particular concern for individuals undergoing chemotherapy or taking certain medications, prompting them to consult healthcare providers prior to usage.

Dosage

Recommended dosages for elderberry vary; typical ranges are between 500 mg to 1000 mg of elderberry extract daily, often divided into 2-3 doses. Adults commonly take 2.5 ml to 5 ml of elderberry extract up to three times a day. For adolescents aged 14-18, dosing typically aligns with adult recommendations, while younger children’s dosages should be adjusted based on weight and age. Although there is no firmly established maximum safe dose, caution is advised regarding higher doses to mitigate potential gastrointestinal side effects. It is advisable to start taking elderberry at the onset of respiratory symptoms for maximum efficacy.

FAQs

Is elderberry safe for children?

Yes, elderberry is generally safe for children, but dosing should be age-appropriate and ideally discussed with a healthcare provider.

Can elderberry interact with medications?

Yes, elderberry may affect diabetes and theophylline medications. It's crucial to speak with a healthcare provider if you're taking other drugs.

When should I take elderberry for best results?

For optimal benefits, start taking elderberry supplements at the first sign of upper respiratory symptoms.

Are raw elderberries safe to eat?

No, raw or unripe elderberries are toxic and should never be consumed; processed forms are safe.

Does elderberry help with the flu?

Elderberry may reduce the duration and severity of flu symptoms, according to some studies.

Research Sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30670267/ – This meta-analysis examined randomized controlled trials of elderberry, revealing a significant reduction in upper respiratory symptoms with a large mean effect size, showcasing its potential as an effective treatment option.
https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-report/final-assessment-report-sambucus-nigra-l-fructus_en.pdf – This assessment report provides a comprehensive overview of the safety, efficacy, and traditional uses of elderberry, detailing its composition and emphasizing the need to use processed products to ensure safety.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33827515/ – This systematic review focused on elderberry's efficacy in treating viral respiratory diseases, indicating it may lower the duration and severity of colds and flu without overstimulating the immune system.
https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/herb/elderberry – This resource offers detailed information on elderberry's uses, benefits, and safety, proposing it could be beneficial for cold and flu symptoms when used appropriately.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259696401_An_Evidence-Based_Systematic_Review_of_Elderberry_and_Elderflower_Sambucus_nigra_by_the_Natural_Standard_Research_Collaboration – This evidence-based systematic review consolidates findings on elderberry and elderflower, underscoring their potential health benefits and traditional uses, while also calling for further research for confirmation of effectiveness.