Black Elderberry Fruit Concentrate
Also known as: Black Elderberry, Elderberry, Sambucus nigra
Overview
Black elderberry is a fruit derived from the *Sambucus nigra* plant, traditionally utilized for its medicinal properties. Rich in anthocyanins and phenolic compounds, elderberry is primarily employed in the prevention and treatment of viral respiratory illnesses such as the common cold and influenza. Key characteristics include its high antioxidant content, particularly compounds like cyanidin-3-glucoside and chlorogenic acid. The research maturity level for elderberry is moderate to high, supported by several randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews. Overall, the quality of available evidence is generally good, despite some studies presenting limitations in sample size and duration.
Benefits
Research indicates that elderberry supplementation significantly reduces the duration and severity of upper respiratory symptoms, especially during influenza cases, as evidenced by a meta-analysis showing a substantial mean effect size. Some studies also suggest that elderberry extracts exhibit antiviral properties against viruses like SARS-CoV-2, inhibiting viral proteases. Although evidence for reducing the duration of common colds exists, it is less robust. Elderberry may be particularly beneficial for individuals diagnosed with viral respiratory infections, with significant symptom relief usually observed within a few days of supplementation.
How it works
Black elderberry extracts inhibit viral replication by targeting essential viral proteases, such as the papain-like protease and 3CLpro, critical for the replication cycle of various viruses. Additionally, its bioactive compounds, including anthocyanins and phenolics, provide anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits that may enhance the immune response while preventing excessive inflammation during infections.
Side effects
Black elderberry is generally regarded as safe for human consumption when used appropriately. Common side effects have not been well-documented but are typically mild. No uncommon or rare side effects were reported in the literature reviewed. Although limited information on drug interactions exists, it is recommended to consult a healthcare professional prior to use, especially when other medications are involved. Individuals with known allergies to plants in the *Adoxaceae* family should exercise caution, and pregnant or breastfeeding women are advised to seek medical guidance due to insufficient safety data for these populations.
Dosage
The effective dosage range for elderberry supplements varies, with studies commonly recommending 500-1000 mg of standardized extract daily. While the minimum effective dose is not clearly defined, higher doses above 1000 mg are less frequently explored in research. Elderberry can be consumed as needed for symptom relief or prophylactically to help prevent viral respiratory infections. Bioavailability is enhanced when extracts are standardized to contain a specific mix of bioactive compounds, promoting optimal absorption.
FAQs
Is elderberry safe to use?
Yes, elderberry is generally safe for treating viral respiratory illnesses and does not overactivate the immune system.
How should I take elderberry?
Elderberry can be taken as needed during illness or prophylactically to reduce the risk of infections.
What benefits can I expect from elderberry?
Expected results include a reduction in the duration and severity of upper respiratory symptoms.
Does elderberry increase the risk of cytokine storms?
No, current research indicates that elderberry does not significantly increase the risk of cytokine storm syndrome.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30670267/ – This meta-analysis assessed the effect of elderberry supplementation on upper respiratory symptoms, concluding that it significantly reduces symptom duration and severity.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33827515/ – A systematic review of five RCTs found no correlation between elderberry use and exacerbated inflammatory outcomes while suggesting efficacy in reducing the duration of colds and influenza.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/10/11/2288 – An in vitro study demonstrated that elderberry fruit extracts possess antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, emphasizing the need for further research in human trials.
Supplements Containing Black Elderberry Fruit Concentrate
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