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Black Elderberry Fruit Juice Concentrate

Also known as: Sambucus nigra, Black Elderberry, European Elderberry

Overview

Black elderberry, derived from the ripe berries of the *Sambucus nigra* L. plant, is a herbal supplement traditionally used to alleviate upper respiratory symptoms associated with the common cold and influenza. The berries are rich in anthocyanins, flavonoids, and other polyphenolic compounds, contributing to their antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. Elderberry supplements are available in various forms, including juice concentrates, capsules, and syrups. Research maturity is moderate to high, with several clinical trials and meta-analyses evaluating its efficacy. The quality of available evidence is generally good, with systematic reviews and meta-analyses providing robust evidence for some of its health benefits. Its high content of anthocyanins (e.g., cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-sambubioside), flavonoids, and other phenolic compounds contribute to its antioxidant and potential health benefits.

Benefits

Elderberry supplementation has been shown to substantially reduce upper respiratory symptoms. A meta-analysis involving 180 participants demonstrated a large mean effect size, suggesting it could be an alternative to antibiotics and prescription drugs for treating common cold and influenza symptoms. Elderberry juice concentrate exhibits high antioxidant activity due to its rich content of anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds, potentially protecting against oxidative stress and inflammation. The polyphenols in black elderberries may also help control blood glucose levels, potentially lowering the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. These benefits are observed in both vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals. While specific data on special populations like the elderly or children is limited, general safety profiles suggest potential benefits, though caution and consultation with healthcare providers are advised.

How it works

The bioactive compounds in elderberry, particularly anthocyanins and other polyphenols, interact with various biological pathways. These include antioxidant pathways, immune system modulation, and potential inhibition of viral replication. Elderberry compounds can interact with the immune system, reducing inflammation and enhancing the body's response to viral infections. They also have antioxidant effects, protecting cells from oxidative damage. The anthocyanins and flavonoids in elderberry may target viral proteins and enzymes, inhibiting the replication of viruses such as influenza. The bioavailability of elderberry compounds can vary depending on the form of the supplement and the presence of other nutrients that may enhance or inhibit absorption.

Side effects

Elderberry is generally considered safe when consumed in recommended amounts. Common side effects include gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, diarrhea, and stomach cramps, especially with high doses or in sensitive individuals. Uncommon side effects include allergic reactions, though rare, and potential interactions with certain medications, such as blood thinners and diabetes medications. Serious adverse events are rare but can include severe allergic reactions or interactions with other health conditions. Caution is advised when using elderberry with diabetes medications, blood thinners, and immunosuppressants. It is not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women due to limited data on safety in these populations. Children and the elderly should consult healthcare providers before using elderberry supplements, especially if they have underlying health conditions or are taking other medications.

Dosage

The minimum effective dose for reducing upper respiratory symptoms is not well-defined but typically ranges from 500 mg to 1000 mg of elderberry extract per day. For upper respiratory symptoms, doses of 500-1000 mg per day of elderberry extract have been used in clinical studies. There is no established maximum safe dose, but doses above 1000 mg per day are less commonly studied and may increase the risk of side effects. Elderberry can be taken at any time of day, but it is often recommended to take it with meals to minimize gastrointestinal side effects. Juice concentrate, capsules, or syrups are common forms, and the bioavailability may vary depending on the form and preparation method. Absorption can be enhanced by the presence of other nutrients like vitamin C or fatty acids.

FAQs

Is elderberry safe?

Generally safe, but caution is advised for pregnant or breastfeeding women, and those taking certain medications. Consult a healthcare provider if you have concerns.

When and how should I take elderberry?

Can be taken at any time, preferably with meals to minimize gastrointestinal side effects. Follow the dosage recommendations on the product label.

What results can I expect from taking elderberry?

You may experience a reduction in upper respiratory symptoms within a few days, and potential long-term antioxidant benefits. Individual results may vary.

Is elderberry a cure for viral infections?

No, elderberry is not a cure for all viral infections. It may help alleviate symptoms and support the immune system, but it is not a substitute for medical treatment.

Research Sources

https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/10/11/2288 – This review explores the antioxidant and bioactive properties of elderberry juice concentrate, highlighting its rich content of anthocyanins and flavonoids. It provides a comprehensive overview of the biochemical and pharmacological data supporting elderberry's health benefits, emphasizing its potential role in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-report/final-assessment-report-sambucus-nigra-l-fructus_en.pdf – This assessment report provides a thorough overview of the clinical pharmacology and efficacy of *Sambucus nigra* L. It summarizes various clinical studies, offering insights into the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic data, including clinical efficacy in reducing upper respiratory symptoms. The report offers a high-quality review of available clinical data.
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/19/9463 – This study investigates the effects of elderberry extract on immune function and viral infections. It provides evidence supporting elderberry's potential to modulate the immune system and inhibit viral replication, contributing to its effectiveness in reducing upper respiratory symptoms.
https://www.webmd.com/diet/health-benefits-black-elderberry – This article from WebMD provides a general overview of the health benefits of black elderberry, including its potential to boost the immune system and fight off colds and flu. It highlights the antioxidant properties of elderberries and their role in overall health.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30670267/ – This meta-analysis, involving 180 participants, found that elderberry supplementation substantially reduced upper respiratory symptoms with a large mean effect size. The study suggests that elderberry could be an alternative to antibiotics and prescription drugs for treating common cold and influenza symptoms, though it acknowledges limitations due to variability in study designs and populations.