Brazilian Red Propolis Flavonoids
Also known as: Brazilian Red Propolis, BRP flavonoids, Brazilian Red Propolis Flavonoids
Overview
Brazilian Red Propolis (BRP) is a unique resinous substance collected by *Apis mellifera* bees primarily from the *Dalbergia ecastophyllum* plant in Brazil. It is distinguished by its characteristic red color and a rich content of bioactive flavonoids, including formononetin, vestitol, and neovestitol, along with other phenolic compounds. BRP is utilized as a dietary supplement due to its purported anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties. Research indicates its effectiveness in reducing systemic inflammation, as evidenced by decreased C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and potent antimicrobial activity, particularly against *Helicobacter pylori* and *Candida* species, including the inhibition of biofilm formation. While the overall research on propolis is growing, specific studies on BRP flavonoids are emerging, supported by mechanistic and in vitro antimicrobial research. It is classified as a natural product-derived phytochemical supplement, valued for its broad-spectrum bioactivity.
Benefits
Brazilian Red Propolis (BRP) flavonoids offer several evidence-based benefits. A significant anti-inflammatory effect has been observed, with a 2025 systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrating that propolis supplementation significantly reduced serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels by a weighted mean difference of –1.23 mg/L (95% CI –1.76 to –0.69; p < 0.001). This indicates a clinically relevant reduction in systemic inflammation, particularly beneficial for adults with inflammatory conditions. BRP also exhibits potent antimicrobial properties, notably against *Helicobacter pylori*, effectively inhibiting biofilm formation with a minimum inhibitory concentration of biofilm (MICB_50) at 15.6 µg/mL and eradicating biofilms at 2000 µg/mL in vitro. Furthermore, it shows antifungal activity against *Candida* species, including biofilm inhibition, likely due to synergistic flavonoid actions. Antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects are also inferred from its rich flavonoid content. While the CRP reduction is statistically significant, the antimicrobial effects, though promising in vitro, require further clinical validation in human trials.
How it works
The therapeutic effects of Brazilian Red Propolis flavonoids are primarily mediated through their impact on inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress, and microbial integrity. The anti-inflammatory action is believed to involve the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and markers of oxidative stress. Flavonoids, such as formononetin, directly inhibit microbial growth and disrupt biofilm formation, particularly in bacteria like *Helicobacter pylori* and various fungal species. Its antioxidant activity stems from the scavenging of free radicals, contributing to cellular protection. Overall, BRP flavonoids modulate the immune response, reduce oxidative damage, and interfere with microbial survival mechanisms, leading to their observed anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.
Side effects
Brazilian Red Propolis (BRP) flavonoids are generally considered safe with a low incidence of adverse effects in human studies. No major adverse events have been consistently reported in randomized controlled trials. The most common side effect, though not well-documented with specific frequency, is mild gastrointestinal discomfort. Uncommon side effects (1-5% incidence) include allergic reactions, particularly in individuals with known allergies to bee products or propolis. Rare side effects (<1% incidence) are hypersensitivity reactions. Due to the bioactive nature of its flavonoids, there is a potential for interaction with certain medications, such as anticoagulants and immunosuppressants, although definitive clinical data are lacking. BRP is contraindicated in individuals with a known allergy to bee products or propolis. Caution is advised for pregnant or breastfeeding women due to limited safety data in these specific populations.
Dosage
The optimal dosage for Brazilian Red Propolis flavonoids is not yet firmly established, as propolis doses in clinical trials have varied widely. A meta-analysis on propolis and inflammation did not identify a clear dose-dependent effect on C-reactive protein (CRP) reduction, suggesting that a range of doses may be effective. There are no specific minimum effective or maximum safe doses clearly defined for BRP flavonoids alone. In vitro studies for antimicrobial effects have used high concentrations (up to 2000 µg/mL), which are significantly higher than typical oral supplementation. There are no specific timing recommendations for supplementation, and the duration of use in studies has varied. For consistent effects, extracts standardized for flavonoid content are preferred. Co-administration with fats may potentially enhance the absorption of flavonoids, but no specific cofactors are required. Due to the lack of definitive data, it is advisable to follow product-specific recommendations or consult a healthcare professional.
FAQs
Is Brazilian Red Propolis flavonoid supplementation safe?
Generally, yes, Brazilian Red Propolis is considered safe with a low incidence of side effects. However, individuals with allergies to bee products should avoid it due to the risk of allergic reactions.
How long does it take to see benefits from BRP flavonoids?
Improvements in inflammation markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), have been observed over weeks to months in randomized controlled trials involving propolis supplementation.
Can Brazilian Red Propolis replace antibiotics for infections?
No, while BRP shows promising antimicrobial effects in laboratory settings, it should not replace prescribed antibiotics. Its clinical efficacy for treating infections in humans needs further research.
Are all types of propolis the same?
No, different types of propolis, including Brazilian Red Propolis, have unique flavonoid profiles and chemical compositions depending on their botanical origin, leading to distinct bioactivities.
Research Sources
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1542184/full – This systematic review and meta-analysis of 10 RCTs (n≥30 per group) found that propolis supplementation significantly reduced serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels by a weighted mean difference of –1.23 mg/L (95% CI –1.76 to –0.69; p < 0.001), indicating reduced systemic inflammation. Despite high heterogeneity, the statistical significance was robust, though no dose-response relationship was found for CRP reduction.
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11350797/ – This in vitro study investigated Brazilian Red Propolis against *Helicobacter pylori* biofilms, demonstrating a minimum inhibitory concentration of biofilm (MICB_50) at 15.6 µg/mL and complete biofilm eradication at 2000 µg/mL. Time-kill assays confirmed its bactericidal activity, highlighting its potent antimicrobial potential, though clinical efficacy remains to be proven.
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12113167/ – This comprehensive review with meta-analysis on propolis chemical composition and biological activities highlighted flavonoids as key bioactive compounds responsible for antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects. It emphasized the variability in propolis composition based on its source and the importance of standardization for consistent therapeutic outcomes.
- https://www.scielo.br/j/aabc/a/6ry7bgfQnVPKQPcZ8VBX6Bt/ – This systematic review of 34 in vitro studies on propolis's antimicrobial effects, including Brazilian Red Propolis, confirmed strong antibacterial and antifungal activities, particularly against *Candida* species and biofilm inhibition. It attributed these effects to flavonoid synergy and suggested propolis's potential in addressing antimicrobial resistance, while noting the need for clinical trials.
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