Caffeine from Whole Coffee Fruit Extract
Also known as: Coffea arabica, Coffea canephora, Whole coffee fruit extract, Coffee cherry extract, Coffee fruit concentrate, WCFC
Overview
Caffeine from whole coffee fruit extract is derived from the entire coffee cherry, encompassing the bean, pulp, and skin. This extract contains caffeine, chlorogenic acids, polyphenols, and other bioactive compounds. It is primarily used for cognitive enhancement, increased alertness, and as an antioxidant supplement. Whole coffee fruit extract distinguishes itself from coffee bean extracts through its higher polyphenol and antioxidant content, while potentially offering lower caffeine levels depending on the extraction method. Research on whole coffee fruit extract is emerging, marked by a growing body of human clinical trials and mechanistic studies. The available evidence is considered moderate, consisting of several well-designed randomized controlled trials and pilot studies, though large-scale, long-term trials and systematic reviews specifically focused on whole coffee fruit extract remain limited.
Benefits
Whole coffee fruit extract has demonstrated acute increases in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) following a single dose, showing statistically significant improvements compared to placebo and coffee. Cognitive performance improvements, particularly in working memory, have been reported with polyphenol-rich, decaffeinated whole coffee cherry extract. The antioxidant activity in whole coffee fruit extracts can be up to 25-fold higher than in powders, depending on the radical measured. These benefits have been observed primarily in healthy adults, specifically those aged 25–35, for acute BDNF increases. While cognitive benefits may extend to older adults, the evidence is currently limited. The clinical relevance of acute BDNF increases for long-term cognitive health remains uncertain, and cognitive improvements are modest, necessitating further validation.
How it works
Caffeine from whole coffee fruit extract primarily works by increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophic factor crucial for neuroplasticity and cognitive function. The polyphenols and chlorogenic acids present in the extract also contribute to its antioxidant effects. The extract interacts with the central nervous system, influencing alertness and cognition, and supports antioxidant defense mechanisms. Molecularly, it targets adenosine receptors through caffeine and engages BDNF signaling pathways, while also mitigating oxidative stress pathways. Caffeine and polyphenols are generally well-absorbed, although their bioavailability can be influenced by the extraction method and formulation used.
Side effects
Whole coffee fruit extract is generally considered safe for healthy adults when taken at typical doses, with a safety profile similar to caffeine from other sources, but potentially with lower caffeine content. Common side effects, occurring in more than 5% of users, include insomnia, jitteriness, and gastrointestinal discomfort, mirroring the effects of caffeine from other sources. Uncommon side effects, affecting 1-5% of users, may include headache and increased heart rate. Rare side effects, occurring in less than 1% of users, encompass allergic reactions and severe anxiety. The extract may interact with stimulants, antidepressants, and medications metabolized by CYP1A2. It is contraindicated in pregnancy, individuals with severe anxiety disorders, and those with cardiac arrhythmias. Caution is advised for individuals sensitive to caffeine, children, and pregnant women.
Dosage
The minimum effective dose of whole coffee fruit extract is not well established; however, for caffeine, it typically ranges from 50–100 mg. Optimal dosage ranges are around 100–200 mg caffeine equivalent, though polyphenol-rich extracts may be effective at lower caffeine doses. The maximum safe dose is 400 mg of caffeine per day for healthy adults, as per FDA guidelines. It is best taken in the morning or early afternoon to avoid sleep disruption. Extracts standardized for caffeine and polyphenol content are preferred. Food may delay absorption but does not significantly reduce bioavailability. Adequate hydration is recommended when taking this supplement.
FAQs
What are the benefits of whole coffee fruit extract compared to regular coffee?
Whole coffee fruit extract may offer cognitive and antioxidant benefits with potentially lower caffeine content than coffee bean extracts, along with the added benefits of polyphenols.
Is whole coffee fruit extract safe?
It is generally safe, similar to caffeine from other sources, but with added polyphenol benefits. However, individuals sensitive to caffeine should exercise caution.
When is the best time to take whole coffee fruit extract?
It is best taken in the morning or early afternoon to avoid sleep disruption, allowing you to maximize its cognitive benefits during the day.
What kind of results can I expect from taking this supplement?
Users may experience acute increases in alertness and BDNF, with the possibility of modest cognitive improvements. However, individual results can vary.
Is whole coffee fruit extract the same as decaffeinated coffee?
No, not all whole coffee fruit extracts are decaffeinated; caffeine content varies by product. Always check the label for caffeine content.
Research Sources
- https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/14/2348 – This study investigates the impact of coffee consumption on cognitive function. It explores the potential benefits of coffee-derived compounds on memory, attention, and overall cognitive performance, providing insights into the neuroprotective effects of coffee.
- https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/nutrition-research-reviews/article/impact-of-coffeederived-chlorogenic-acid-on-cognition-a-systematic-review-and-metaanalysis/BE52C64A4601DA032993B697B6F26F2F – This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the impact of coffee-derived chlorogenic acid on cognition. It synthesizes evidence from multiple studies to assess the relationship between chlorogenic acid intake and cognitive performance, highlighting the potential cognitive benefits of this compound found in coffee.
- https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=36447 – This research paper focuses on the effects of whole coffee cherry extract on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. The study demonstrates that WCFC significantly increased plasma BDNF compared to placebo and coffee, suggesting a potential mechanism for cognitive enhancement.
- https://www.bmj.com/content/359/bmj.j5024 – This BMJ article discusses the effects of caffeine consumption on health outcomes. It provides a comprehensive overview of the potential benefits and risks associated with caffeine intake, including its impact on cardiovascular health, mental health, and overall mortality.
- https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf200122m – This study analyzes the antioxidant activity of whole coffee fruit extracts. It compares the antioxidant capacity of different coffee fruit extracts, demonstrating that whole coffee fruit extracts exhibit higher antioxidant activity compared to powders, depending on the radical measured.
Recommended Articles
L-Theanine Dosage for Focus: Avoid Drowsiness
200-400mg daily of L-theanine enhances focus without causing drowsiness, with benefits amplified when combined with caffeine.
Safe Energy Supplement Ingredients for Daily Use
Caffeine, when consumed in doses up to 400mg per day, is a safe and effective ingredient in energy supplements for healthy adults.
Top Metabolism Boosting Ingredients: A Scientific Review
Caffeine, capsaicinoids, green tea catechins, and resveratrol are key ingredients in metabolism supplements, offering various metabolic benefits.
Manage BP: Key Ingredients to Know
Certain ingredients can significantly affect blood pressure; knowing which to avoid or consume can aid in better management.