Get Your Personalized Supplement StackSupplement Stack Quiz

Caffeoylquinic Acid

Also known as: Chlorogenic acid, 1-O-Caffeoylquinic acid, 3-O-Caffeoylquinic acid, CQA, CQAs, Caffeoylquinic Acid

Overview

Caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) are esters formed from caffeic acid and quinic acid, existing as various isomers including 1-CQA and 3-CQA. They are polyphenolic compounds predominantly found in plant-based foods, with high concentrations in coffee, fruits, and vegetables. CQAs possess significant bioactive properties, acting as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential neuroprotective agents. Research on CQAs is ongoing, with a focus on their bioactivity and health benefits, though comprehensive clinical trials remain limited. Despite the wealth of evidence supporting their biological activity in vitro and through animal studies, the need for robust clinical trials for conclusive human benefits persists.

Benefits

Caffeoylquinic acid, especially in its chlorogenic acid form, has been linked to numerous health benefits. Evidence suggests a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and improvements in cognitive function among moderate coffee drinkers. Additional potential benefits include antioxidant and antibacterial effects, as well as possible protective effects against Alzheimer's disease. However, research quantifying these effects remains scarce, and the time course for achieving benefits through consumption is still unestablished. Further studies are required to validate these outcomes in humans and to better understand the specific populations that may gain the most benefit.

How it works

CQAs exert their effects primarily through antioxidant pathways, effectively reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in the body. They interact with the nervous system, potentially providing neuroprotection. One of the key mechanisms involves the activation of the Nrf2 pathway, which contributes to cellular defense mechanisms. Absorption and bioavailability of CQAs can vary significantly based on individual gut microbiota and the food matrix in which they are consumed.

Side effects

Caffeoylquinic acids are generally considered safe when consumed in conventional dietary amounts; however, high doses may lead to gastrointestinal discomfort. Common side effects occur in more than 5% of users, with irritations noted primarily in the digestive tract. Other side effects have not been well-documented in rare cases, and there are no established contraindications. Users of anticoagulants should note potential interactions due to the antioxidant properties of CQAs. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should consult healthcare providers before considering high intakes, especially considering sensitive gastrointestinal reactions.

Dosage

While no minimum effective dose of caffeoylquinic acid has been established for specific health outcomes, optimal dosages appear to coincide with amounts typically consumed in coffee or whole plant foods. Maximum safe doses are not well defined, but excessive intake may lead to gastrointestinal disturbances. There are no specific timing or absorption recommendations, but like many dietary compounds, CQAs may have enhanced bioavailability in conjunction with certain food matrices. No required cofactors have been determined.

FAQs

Are caffeoylquinic acids safe for regular consumption?

Yes, CQAs are generally safe when consumed in normal dietary amounts, but high doses should be avoided due to potential gastrointestinal discomfort.

When is the best time to consume caffeoylquinic acids?

There are no specific recommendations for timing; they can be consumed through regular dietary sources like coffee or fruits.

What health benefits can I expect from consuming caffeoylquinic acids?

Potential benefits include antioxidant properties, neuroprotection, and reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, though confirmatory studies in humans are still needed.

Is there any risk of interaction with medications?

Yes, CQAs may interact with certain medications, especially blood thinners, so consult a healthcare provider if you are on such treatments.

Can caffeoylquinic acids be used as a medical treatment?

CQAs are not substitutes for medical treatment, but they may provide complementary health benefits as part of a balanced diet.