Capsicum Frutescens Extract
Also known as: Capsicum frutescens, Malagueta pepper, Bird's eye chili
Overview
Capsicum frutescens extract is derived from the malagueta pepper, a chili pepper known for its pungency and bioactive compounds, primarily capsaicinoids. It is used as a natural dietary supplement for its potential metabolic and weight management effects. The extract's key characteristic is its capsaicinoid content, responsible for its spicy heat and potential health benefits. While research exists on capsaicinoids, comprehensive systematic reviews and meta-analyses specifically focusing on *Capsicum frutescens* extract are limited. The available evidence varies in quality, with most studies being small-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or observational studies. The extract is available in various forms, including capsules, powders, and as an ingredient in food products.
Benefits
Capsaicinoids from *Capsicum frutescens* have shown modest effects on weight loss and metabolic parameters in some studies. There is some evidence suggesting potential benefits in lipid profiles and energy expenditure, though results are inconsistent. Benefits may be more pronounced in overweight or obese individuals. A meta-analysis indicated that capsaicin supplementation had modest effects on BMI and body weight among overweight and obese subjects. However, the effects are generally modest, with variable clinical significance depending on the population and study design. The duration of benefits is not well established, but most studies have intervention periods ranging from a few weeks to several months.
How it works
Capsaicinoids primarily act through the activation of TRPV1 receptors, influencing metabolic rate, satiety, and fat oxidation. They interact with the nervous system, influencing appetite and energy expenditure. TRPV1 receptors are the primary molecular targets. Capsaicinoids are absorbed systemically, but their bioavailability can vary based on formulation and individual factors. This activation can lead to increased energy expenditure and reduced appetite, contributing to potential weight management benefits. The interaction with the nervous system also plays a role in regulating satiety signals.
Side effects
Capsicum frutescens extract is generally considered safe when consumed in moderate amounts, though gastrointestinal discomfort is common. Common side effects (>5%) include gastrointestinal discomfort and a burning sensation in the mouth and throat. Uncommon side effects (1-5%) include stomach upset and diarrhea. Rare side effects (<1%) include allergic reactions. Potential drug interactions exist with blood thinners and medications for diabetes. It is not recommended for individuals with severe gastrointestinal issues or those sensitive to capsaicinoids. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult healthcare providers before use. High doses may lead to more severe gastrointestinal issues.
Dosage
The minimum effective dose is not well established, but typically starts at a few milligrams of capsaicinoids per day. Optimal dosage ranges vary widely depending on the specific formulation and individual tolerance. It is generally considered safe up to several hundred milligrams per day, though individual tolerance may vary. It is best taken with meals to minimize gastrointestinal discomfort. Sustained-release formulations may improve tolerance and absorption. Absorption can be influenced by food intake and individual digestive health. Start with low doses to assess tolerance, and consider sustained-release formulations for better absorption.
FAQs
How should I take Capsicum frutescens extract?
Start with low doses to assess tolerance, and consider sustained-release formulations for better absorption. It is best taken with meals to reduce side effects.
Is Capsicum frutescens extract safe?
While generally safe, it may cause gastrointestinal discomfort in some individuals. Consult a healthcare provider if you have any underlying health conditions or are taking medications.
What are the expected results from taking Capsicum frutescens extract?
Modest weight loss and metabolic improvements may be expected, but results vary widely. It is not a magic bullet for weight loss; lifestyle changes are also necessary.
Can Capsicum frutescens extract interact with other medications?
Yes, potential interactions exist with blood thinners and medications for diabetes. Consult your healthcare provider before use if you are taking any medications.
Who should avoid taking Capsicum frutescens extract?
Individuals with severe gastrointestinal issues or those sensitive to capsaicinoids should avoid it. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult healthcare providers before use.
Research Sources
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.812294/full – This study is a meta-analysis involving 461 patients that assessed the lipid-lowering efficacy of capsaicin. The interventions ranged from 4 to 13 weeks and showed modest effects on metabolic parameters. The study was of moderate quality due to heterogeneity among studies.
- https://ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1750-3841.14648 – This research explores the potential of capsaicin in food science and nutrition. It highlights capsaicin's role in modulating various physiological processes, including energy metabolism and appetite regulation. The study suggests that capsaicinoids could be valuable in developing functional foods with health-promoting properties.
- https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/effects-of-capsaicin-intake-on-weight-loss-among-overweight-and-obese-subjects-a-systematic-review-and-metaanalysis-of-randomised-controlled-trials/AF1C3A4331A35BA12CE925B0B56818B8 – This meta-analysis examined the effects of capsaicin supplementation on weight loss among overweight and obese subjects. The interventions typically lasted several weeks to months and showed that capsaicin supplementation had modest effects on BMI and body weight. The study was of moderate quality due to heterogeneity and small sample sizes.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17365137/ – This study investigates the effects of red pepper on subjective appetite, energy intake, and substrate oxidation in humans. The findings suggest that red pepper consumption can increase energy expenditure and may help reduce appetite. This research contributes to understanding the potential role of capsaicinoids in weight management.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32578488/ – This study focused on a novel food-grade formulation of red chili extract and assessed its systemic absorption and safety. The formulation was found to be safe and improved absorption. The study is limited by its focus on a specific formulation but is of good quality for its specific objectives.
