Cardamom Seed Extract
Also known as: Elettaria cardamomum, Amomum subulatum, Cardamom, Green cardamom, Black cardamom, Cardamom seed extract
Overview
Cardamom seed extract is derived from the seeds of *Elettaria cardamomum* (green cardamom), a plant native to India and Southeast Asia. It is commonly used as a spice in food and as a supplement for its anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive effects. The extract contains bioactive compounds, including volatile oils (e.g., 1,8-cineole, α-terpinyl acetate, limonene), polyphenols, flavonoids, and terpenoids, which contribute to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Research suggests that cardamom seed extract may help reduce inflammatory markers and mildly lower blood pressure. While the available evidence is promising, it is limited by small sample sizes and heterogeneity in study designs. Further large-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to confirm these benefits and establish optimal dosing strategies. The extract is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used as a spice, and supplement use has been well-tolerated in clinical trials.
Benefits
Cardamom seed extract has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive benefits in several studies. Meta-analyses of RCTs indicate a significant reduction in inflammatory markers such as hs-CRP (WMD: -1.21 mg/L, 95% CI: -2.18, -0.24), IL-6 (WMD: -2.41 ng/L, 95% CI: -4.35, -0.47), and TNF-α (WMD: -2.10 pg/mL, 95% CI: -2.36, -1.84). Additionally, it has shown a modest but significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure (WMD: -0.90 to -0.91 mmHg, 95% CI: -1.19, -0.62) and systolic blood pressure (WMD: -0.54 mmHg, 95% CI: -0.88, -0.19). These effects are most pronounced in adults with elevated inflammatory markers or mild hypertension. While the effect sizes are modest, the statistical significance suggests potential benefits for cardiovascular and immune health. Most studies report these effects after 8–12 weeks of supplementation.
How it works
Cardamom seed extract exerts its anti-inflammatory effects primarily through the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway, leading to a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and hs-CRP. Its antihypertensive effects are attributed to vasodilation via the nitric oxide pathway and possible diuretic effects. The extract interacts primarily with the cardiovascular and immune systems. While specific pharmacokinetic data is limited, it is believed that the volatile oils and polyphenols present in cardamom seed extract are absorbed, contributing to its observed effects.
Side effects
Cardamom seed extract is generally considered safe and well-tolerated when used as a spice or supplement. Common side effects are rare, with only mild gastrointestinal discomfort reported in some cases. Uncommon and rare side effects are not typically reported in clinical trials, although allergic reactions are possible but infrequent. There are no significant drug interactions reported, although there is a theoretical risk with anticoagulants due to potential antiplatelet effects. Caution is advised for individuals with known allergies to cardamom. Safety during pregnancy and lactation has not been definitively established, so use with caution in these populations is recommended. No contraindications have been established for cardamom seed extract.
Dosage
The minimum effective dose of cardamom seed extract is not well established, but most studies use 1–3 g/day of cardamom powder or an equivalent extract. The optimal dosage range is also 1–3 g/day, divided into 1–2 doses. Doses up to 3 g/day have been well-tolerated. Cardamom seed extract can be taken with meals to reduce the potential for gastrointestinal discomfort. Powder or standardized extracts are preferred, as the volatile oil content may vary between different forms. Absorption may be enhanced when taken with food, particularly fats. No specific cofactors are required for its activity.
FAQs
Is cardamom seed extract safe?
Cardamom is generally safe and well-tolerated. No serious adverse events have been reported in clinical trials. Monitor for allergies.
How should I take cardamom seed extract?
Take with meals to minimize gastrointestinal discomfort. Follow recommended dosage guidelines (1-3g/day).
What results can I expect?
Expect modest reductions in blood pressure and inflammatory markers after 8–12 weeks of consistent use.
Can cardamom replace my medications?
No, cardamom is not a substitute for prescribed antihypertensive or anti-inflammatory medications. Consult your healthcare provider.
What are the benefits of cardamom seed extract?
Cardamom seed extract may help reduce inflammatory markers and mildly lower blood pressure. It contains bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Research Sources
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10804083/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs examined the effects of cardamom on blood pressure and inflammatory markers. The review included 8 studies and found a significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as inflammatory markers. The authors noted limitations due to heterogeneity in study designs and small sample sizes.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36181264/ – This meta-analysis of RCTs investigated the impact of cardamom supplementation on various health parameters. Analyzing data from 8 studies with 595 patients, the study revealed significant reductions in diastolic blood pressure, hs-CRP, and IL-6. The authors highlighted the need for larger studies with longer durations to confirm these findings.
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/fsn3.3738 – This meta-analysis examined the effects of cardamom on inflammatory markers and blood pressure. The analysis included 8 studies and found significant reductions in hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, and blood pressure. The authors noted limitations due to heterogeneity and small sample sizes across the included studies.
- https://journals.lww.com/nutritiontodayonline/fulltext/2022/01000/cardamom__potential_health_benefits.8.aspx – This article discusses the potential health benefits of cardamom, including its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It highlights the presence of bioactive compounds in cardamom that may contribute to these effects. The article suggests that cardamom could be a valuable addition to a healthy diet.
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ptr.6543 – This study investigates the potential of cardamom as a therapeutic agent. The research suggests that cardamom possesses various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. The authors propose that further research is warranted to explore the full therapeutic potential of cardamom.