Casein Decapeptides
Also known as: Lactotripeptides, Casein peptides, Valyl-prolyl-proline (VPP), Isoleucyl-prolyl-proline (IPP), Casein decapeptides
Overview
Casein decapeptides are bioactive peptides derived from casein, a primary protein found in milk, through enzymatic hydrolysis. Specifically, lactotripeptides like valyl-prolyl-proline (VPP) and isoleucyl-prolyl-proline (IPP) are well-researched forms. These peptides are primarily recognized for their potential to lower blood pressure by inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a key mechanism in cardiovascular regulation. They are commonly used in dietary supplements and functional foods aimed at managing hypertension and prehypertension. The research supporting their efficacy, particularly for blood pressure reduction, is considered moderate to good, with several clinical trials and meta-analyses available.
Benefits
Casein decapeptides, particularly lactotripeptides, have demonstrated a modest but clinically significant ability to reduce blood pressure. Meta-analyses indicate reductions of approximately 3.20 mmHg in systolic blood pressure and 1.50 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure in individuals with hypertension or prehypertension. These benefits are observed without significant effects on blood lipids or glycemic status, suggesting a targeted action on blood pressure regulation. Some evidence also suggests potential benefits in reducing the risk of eczema and allergies in infants when incorporated into infant formulas. The blood pressure-lowering effects typically manifest within weeks of consistent supplementation, making them a viable adjunctive therapy for blood pressure management.
How it works
Casein decapeptides primarily exert their blood pressure-lowering effects through the inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). ACE is a crucial enzyme in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) responsible for converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. By inhibiting ACE, these peptides reduce the production of angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation and a subsequent decrease in blood pressure. This mechanism helps to relax blood vessels and improve blood flow. While generally well-absorbed, specific bioavailability data for all casein decapeptides is limited.
Side effects
Casein decapeptides are generally considered safe, with a low incidence of reported side effects. Common side effects are not well-documented, and uncommon side effects (1-5%) may include mild gastrointestinal discomfort in some individuals. Rare side effects (<1%) are not well-documented. Due to their blood pressure-lowering action, there is a potential for additive effects when taken concurrently with antihypertensive medications, which could lead to excessively low blood pressure. Therefore, caution is advised for individuals with severe hypertension or those already on blood pressure-lowering drugs. No specific contraindications have been noted, and they are considered safe for use in infants as part of hypoallergenic formulas.
Dosage
The minimum effective dose for lactotripeptides is typically around 1-2 mg per day. Optimal dosage ranges are not definitively established, but studies commonly use doses ranging from 1 to 5 mg per day. Doses exceeding 5 mg per day are less frequently studied, and a clear maximum safe dose has not been defined. Casein decapeptides can be taken at any time of day, but consistent daily intake is crucial for observing benefits. They are often found in dietary supplements or functional foods. Absorption may be influenced by other nutrients or the method of preparation, though no specific cofactors are required for their efficacy.
FAQs
How long does it take to see effects from casein decapeptides?
Benefits, particularly blood pressure reduction, are typically observed within a few weeks of consistent daily supplementation.
Are casein decapeptides safe to take with blood pressure medication?
They are generally safe, but caution is advised due to potential additive blood pressure-lowering effects. Consult a healthcare professional if you are on antihypertensive medications.
When is the best time to take casein decapeptides?
They can be taken at any time of day; consistency in daily intake is more important than specific timing.
What kind of results can I expect from taking casein decapeptides?
You can expect a modest reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, especially if you have hypertension or prehypertension.
Are casein decapeptides a replacement for prescribed blood pressure medication?
No, they are not a replacement for medical treatment and should be used under medical supervision, especially if you have a diagnosed condition.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36235859/ – This meta-analysis found that lactotripeptides significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive or prehypertensive individuals. It concluded that these peptides do not adversely affect blood lipids or glucose levels, supporting their use as a safe intervention for blood pressure management.
- https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/article/79/Supplement_2/36/6457115 – This narrative review discusses the broad health benefits of dairy bioactive peptides, including casein-derived peptides. It highlights their role in various physiological processes, such as blood pressure regulation, and provides an overview of the mechanisms involved, particularly ACE inhibition.
- https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1107/casein-peptides – This source provides a general overview of casein peptides, including their uses and safety profile. It corroborates their primary application in blood pressure management and notes their general safety, while also mentioning potential interactions with medications.
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9573574/ – This article discusses the effects of lactotripeptides on blood pressure, confirming their efficacy in reducing both systolic and diastolic readings. It also touches upon their safety profile and lack of significant impact on other metabolic markers, reinforcing their potential as a dietary intervention.
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-98446-6 – This research provides further evidence on the efficacy of lactotripeptides in blood pressure management. While the specific details of the study are not fully elaborated in the provided text, it contributes to the body of evidence supporting the blood pressure-lowering effects of these peptides.
