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Cerium

Also known as: Cerium, Ce, Cerium Oxide, CeO2, CeNPs, Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles

Overview

Cerium (Ce) is a rare earth element found in minerals like cerite and monazite. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) are being researched for various biomedical applications due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Current research explores their potential in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), controlling infections, and promoting osteogenic differentiation. CeNPs exhibit the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modulate inflammatory pathways. However, the research on cerium supplements, particularly CeNPs, is still emerging, with most studies conducted in vitro or using animal models. Human trials are limited, and the quality of available evidence is moderate. Therefore, the use of cerium supplements is not yet mature for widespread human supplementation.

Benefits

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) have demonstrated potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in animal models of NAFLD, suggesting a possible role in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. In vitro studies also indicate antimicrobial properties against bacteria like *Porphyromonas gingivalis*. Furthermore, CeNPs have shown promise in promoting osteogenic differentiation in human periodontal ligament cells. However, it's important to note that these benefits are primarily observed in animal models or cell cultures, and the effect sizes and clinical significance for human supplementation are not well-established. More human studies are needed to confirm these benefits and determine their applicability to human health.

How it works

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) primarily function through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. As an antioxidant, CeNPs can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), reducing oxidative stress. Their anti-inflammatory activity involves modulating inflammatory pathways, potentially reducing inflammation in conditions like NAFLD. In the liver, CeNPs may reduce lipid accumulation and inflammation. Additionally, they promote osteogenic differentiation in bone cells. However, the precise molecular targets and mechanisms of absorption and bioavailability for oral supplementation are not yet fully understood.

Side effects

The safety profile of cerium, particularly in nanoparticle form (CeNPs), is still under investigation, with limited human data available. While generally considered safe in biomedical applications, potential side effects are not well-documented. Common side effects are not established, and there is a potential for oxidative stress if CeNPs are not properly formulated. Rare side effects are unknown due to the lack of extensive human studies. Drug interactions are also not well-studied. As a precaution, cerium supplementation is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation due to insufficient safety data. Individuals with pre-existing health conditions should exercise caution due to the limited research on potential adverse effects.

Dosage

Due to the limited research on cerium supplementation, especially with cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs), there are no established dosing guidelines. The minimum effective dose, optimal dosage ranges, and maximum safe dose have not been determined for human supplementation. Timing considerations and form-specific recommendations are also not available. Absorption factors and required cofactors are not well-studied. Therefore, it is not possible to provide specific dosage recommendations for cerium supplementation at this time. Further research is needed to establish safe and effective dosing guidelines.

FAQs

Is cerium supplementation safe?

Limited human data exists, so caution is advised. Potential side effects and drug interactions are not well-documented. It is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation.

When and how should cerium supplements be taken?

There are no established guidelines for timing and administration due to limited research on cerium supplementation in humans.

What are the expected results from cerium supplementation?

Expected results are not well-documented for supplementation. Most studies are in vitro or in animal models, and human trials are limited.

Is cerium widely tested for human supplementation?

No, cerium is not widely tested for human supplementation. Most research is preliminary and conducted in laboratory settings or animal models.

Research Sources

https://gh.bmj.com/content/6/1/e003176 – This source likely discusses global health issues. Without specific context to cerium, it's difficult to provide a targeted summary. Further information is needed to determine its relevance to cerium research.
https://www.dlsu.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Food-Nutrition-and-Health.pdf – This document likely covers topics related to food, nutrition, and health. Without specific context to cerium, it's difficult to provide a targeted summary. Further information is needed to determine its relevance to cerium research.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10648767/ – This study investigates the effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in animal models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The findings suggest that CeNPs show promise in mitigating liver damage associated with NAFLD by modulating inflammatory pathways and reducing lipid accumulation. However, the study emphasizes the need for further research to validate these findings in human trials.
https://www.dlsu.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/3rd-DLSU-SHS-Research-Congress-Paper-Presentations.pdf – This document contains paper presentations from a research congress. Without specific context to cerium, it's difficult to provide a targeted summary. Further information is needed to determine its relevance to cerium research.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10610395/ – This in vitro study examines the effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) on human periodontal ligament cells. The results indicate that CeNPs promote osteogenic differentiation, suggesting potential applications in bone regeneration. Additionally, the study highlights the antimicrobial properties of CeNPs against certain bacteria, such as *Porphyromonas gingivalis*.