Chamomilla
Also known as: Chamomilla matricaria, Chamomile, German chamomile, Matricaria chamomilla, Chamomilla recutita
Overview
Chamomilla, primarily derived from the dried flowers of German chamomile (Chamomilla recutita), is a widely recognized herbal remedy. Traditionally, it has been valued for its calming properties, its ability to enhance sleep quality, alleviate anxiety, and provide relief for gastrointestinal discomfort. More recently, scientific inquiry has extended to its potential roles in glycemic control and the management of cancer-related symptoms. The therapeutic effects of chamomile are largely attributed to its rich composition of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids like apigenin and various essential oils. Research into chamomile's efficacy is relatively well-established, with a growing body of evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews, although some areas warrant further investigation through larger-scale studies to solidify findings.
Benefits
Chamomile offers several evidence-based benefits, with varying strengths of evidence: * **Sleep Quality:** A systematic review and meta-analysis of 12 RCTs indicated that chamomile significantly improved subjective sleep quality (SMD −1.23 to −0.23, p < 0.005). While beneficial for sleep quality, its direct impact on clinical insomnia symptoms was less conclusive. This benefit is particularly relevant for individuals experiencing mild sleep disturbances. * **Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD):** Chamomile has shown significant improvement in GAD symptoms, with observed reductions on the HAM-A scale after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment (mean difference −1.43 and −1.79, p < 0.01). This suggests a moderate benefit for individuals diagnosed with GAD, though its efficacy for general anxiety is less clear. * **Glycemic Control:** A meta-analysis of four human RCTs demonstrated that chamomile consumption significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (SMD −0.65, 95% CI −1.00 to −0.29, p < 0.001) and HbA1c levels (SMD −0.90, 95% CI −1.39 to −0.40, p < 0.001). This suggests a promising role for chamomile in supporting glycemic management, particularly for individuals with diabetes or pre-diabetes. * **Cancer-Related Symptoms:** Several RCTs indicate that chamomile can reduce the severity of oral mucositis and pain in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. It has also been shown to improve quality of life measures in some studies, suggesting a supportive role in palliative care.
How it works
The primary mechanism of action for chamomile's anxiolytic and sedative effects involves flavonoids, particularly apigenin. Apigenin is believed to bind to benzodiazepine receptors in the brain, mimicking the action of benzodiazepines to produce calming and sleep-inducing effects. Beyond its neurological impact, chamomile exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which contribute to its benefits in conditions like oral mucositis and glycemic control. It may modulate glucose metabolism pathways, leading to reductions in blood glucose and HbA1c levels. The specific bioavailability can vary depending on the preparation, with extracts and capsules being common and effective forms.
Side effects
Chamomile is generally considered safe for consumption, with most reported adverse events being mild and infrequent. These can include mild gastrointestinal discomfort, such as nausea or stomach upset. Allergic reactions are rare but can occur, particularly in individuals with sensitivities to plants in the Asteraceae family, such as ragweed, chrysanthemums, marigolds, or daisies. Symptoms of an allergic reaction may include skin rash, hives, swelling, or, in severe cases, anaphylaxis. While no major drug interactions have been consistently reported, caution is advised when combining chamomile with anticoagulant medications due to its potential for mild blood-thinning effects, which could theoretically increase the risk of bleeding. Use during pregnancy requires careful consideration; some studies have suggested a potential association with adverse pregnancy outcomes, although the evidence remains inconclusive. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should consult a healthcare professional before using chamomile supplements.
Dosage
Effective dosages of chamomile vary depending on the specific indication and the formulation of the supplement. Clinical studies have typically utilized doses ranging from 220 mg to 1,100 mg of chamomile extract daily, or an equivalent amount. For the purposes of improving sleep and reducing anxiety, studies have shown benefits with daily doses between 220 mg and 1,100 mg, administered over a period of 2 to 4 weeks. In the context of glycemic control, doses in clinical trials have also varied, with some research suggesting a dose-dependent effect, where higher doses correlate with greater reductions in blood glucose. Chamomile is typically taken orally, either once or twice daily. For consistency and efficacy, standardized extracts are generally preferred. There are no established upper limits for chamomile, but adherence to recommended dosages from reputable sources or healthcare providers is advised to minimize potential mild side effects.
FAQs
Is chamomile effective for anxiety?
Evidence suggests chamomile offers modest benefits for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), with improvements in GAD symptoms. However, its effectiveness for general, non-clinical anxiety symptoms is less clearly established.
Can chamomile improve sleep?
Yes, chamomile has been shown to significantly improve subjective sleep quality. While it aids in better sleep, its impact on reducing clinical insomnia symptoms directly is not as pronounced.
Is it safe during pregnancy?
Use of chamomile during pregnancy should be approached with caution. Some data suggest potential risks, though evidence is inconclusive. It is strongly recommended to consult a healthcare provider before use during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
How long until effects appear?
Benefits for anxiety and sleep quality are typically observed after consistent daily use for a period of 2 to 4 weeks. Effects may vary among individuals.
Research Sources
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ptr.6349 – This systematic review and meta-analysis of 12 RCTs investigated chamomile's effects on sleep and anxiety. It concluded that chamomile significantly improved sleep quality and generalized anxiety disorder symptoms, but showed limited evidence for improving insomnia or general anxiety.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38932814/ – This meta-analysis, including 4 human RCTs, found that chamomile consumption significantly reduced fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels. The study highlighted a dose-dependent effect, suggesting chamomile's potential in glycemic control.
- https://www.cureus.com/articles/341069-the-efficacy-and-safety-of-using-chamomile-products-during-pregnancy-and-the-postpartum-period.pdf – This review explored the efficacy and safety of chamomile during pregnancy and postpartum. It indicated that while generally safe, some data suggest potential risks, emphasizing the need for caution and further research in this population.
- https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/15347354231164600 – This research, likely a review or meta-analysis, focused on chamomile's role in cancer-related symptoms. It reported that chamomile reduced oral mucositis severity and pain in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, also improving quality of life measures.
Supplements Containing Chamomilla

Z-Test
PMD Platinum

CBD+13
T-Relief

CBD+13
T-Relief

SleepWell
vitafusion

Afternoon Drink Mix Natural Citrus Flavor
Femiwell

Afternoon Drink Mix Natural Citrus Flavor
Femiwell

Afternoon Drink Mix Natural Citrus & Fruit Flavor
Femiwell

Melatonin Max Strength 10 mg Natural Strawberry Flavor
vitafusion

ZTest
PMD

Melatonin Max Strength 10 mg Natural Strawberry Flavor
vitafusion