Chasteberry 10:1 Fruit Extract
Also known as: Chasteberry, chaste tree fruit extract, Chasteberry 10:1 Fruit Extract, Vitex agnus-castus
Overview
Chasteberry, derived from the dried fruit of Vitex agnus-castus, is a traditional herbal supplement primarily used for female hormonal regulation. It is commonly employed to alleviate symptoms associated with premenstrual syndrome (PMS), premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), mastalgia (breast pain), and menstrual irregularities. The 10:1 fruit extract represents a concentrated form, frequently utilized in both clinical research and dietary supplements. Its therapeutic effects are attributed to bioactive compounds such as flavonoids (e.g., casticin), iridoid glycosides, and diterpenes, which interact with hormonal pathways. Research on chasteberry's efficacy, particularly for PMS and PMDD, is supported by multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews, indicating moderate to high quality evidence.
Benefits
Chasteberry offers significant benefits primarily for premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). It effectively reduces a range of PMS symptoms, including emotional symptoms like irritability, mood swings, and anger, as well as physical symptoms such as headaches, bloating, and breast discomfort. A notable randomized controlled trial (RCT) published in BMJ demonstrated that 52% of chasteberry users experienced a greater than 50% reduction in PMS severity, compared to 24% in the placebo group, highlighting its clinical efficacy. Meta-analyses further support this, indicating that women using chasteberry are over 2.5 times more likely to achieve remission of PMS symptoms than those on placebo. Beyond PMS, chasteberry is effective in reducing premenstrual mastalgia (breast pain) and addressing latent hyperprolactinemia. Some studies suggest it can be more effective than bromocriptine for symptom relief, even if bromocriptine normalizes prolactin levels more efficiently. Additionally, flavonoids like casticin within chasteberry may exert mild anti-inflammatory effects through opioidergic and immunomodulatory properties. Benefits are typically observed after 2-3 menstrual cycles of consistent supplementation.
How it works
Chasteberry primarily exerts its effects by influencing dopaminergic pathways. It stimulates dopamine receptors, which in turn reduces the secretion of prolactin. This mechanism is crucial for alleviating symptoms linked to hyperprolactinemia, such as mastalgia. The herb also contains nonsteroidal progestins that may modulate hormone receptors, contributing to the normalization of menstrual cycles. Furthermore, flavonoids like casticin found in chasteberry are believed to activate mu- and delta-opioid receptors, potentially contributing to mood stabilization and anti-inflammatory actions. The standardized extracts ensure consistent bioavailability, allowing for effective absorption and clinical effects when taken orally.
Side effects
Chasteberry is generally considered safe, with mild side effects reported in less than 10% of users. The most common adverse effects, occurring in 5.8-8.3% of individuals, include headache and nausea. Less common side effects (1-5%) may involve gastrointestinal discomfort and dizziness. Allergic reactions are rare, reported in less than 1% of users. Caution is advised regarding potential drug interactions, particularly with dopamine agonists/antagonists and hormone-sensitive medications, due to chasteberry's influence on hormonal pathways. It is contraindicated during pregnancy due to its hormonal effects and in individuals with hormone-sensitive cancers unless under strict medical supervision. Women with pre-existing hormone-sensitive conditions should consult a healthcare provider before using chasteberry.
Dosage
The minimum effective dose of chasteberry is approximately 20-40 mg of dried fruit extract daily, often standardized to contain 0.5-1.5 mg of agnuside or other marker compounds. An optimal dosage of 40 mg daily of dried fruit extract has demonstrated efficacy in multiple randomized controlled trials. While a maximum safe dose is not definitively established, clinical trials have generally used up to 40 mg daily without reporting serious adverse effects. For best results, chasteberry should be taken daily, preferably starting at least one menstrual cycle before the anticipated onset of PMS symptoms. Standardized extracts, such as 10:1 concentrations, are preferred for ensuring consistent potency. Oral administration with food may enhance tolerance, and no specific cofactors are required for absorption.
FAQs
Is chasteberry safe long-term?
Generally considered safe, but long-term safety data are limited. Periodic medical review is recommended for extended use.
How soon will I see results?
Benefits typically become noticeable within 2-3 menstrual cycles of consistent daily supplementation.
Can it be used with hormonal contraceptives?
Caution is advised due to potential interactions with hormonal medications. Consult a healthcare provider before combining.
Does it affect fertility?
Traditionally used to support fertility by normalizing menstrual cycles, but scientific evidence is limited and medical supervision is recommended.
Is it effective for menopausal symptoms?
Evidence for its effectiveness in menopausal symptoms is limited and inconsistent; it is not recommended as a primary treatment for menopause.
Research Sources
- https://oshwellness.com/blogs/news/chasteberry-a-review-of-clinical-studies-backing-hormonal-balancing-properties – This source provides an overview of clinical studies supporting chasteberry's hormonal balancing properties. It highlights its traditional use and modern research findings related to PMS and other female reproductive health issues, emphasizing its mechanism of action.
- https://womensmentalhealth.org/posts/chasteberry-for-pms-and-pmdd/ – This article from Women's Mental Health discusses the use of chasteberry for PMS and PMDD. It likely reviews the evidence for its efficacy in managing symptoms like mood swings, irritability, and physical discomfort associated with these conditions.
- https://clinphytoscience.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40816-016-0038-z – This link points to a study published in Clinical Phytoscience, likely an RCT or review, examining the effects of Vitex agnus-castus. It contributes to the understanding of chasteberry's clinical applications and safety profile, potentially comparing it to other treatments.
- https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/chasteberry – Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center provides information on chasteberry, focusing on its uses, potential side effects, and interactions, especially relevant for patients undergoing cancer treatment. It offers a cautious perspective on its use.
- https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/html/10.1055/s-0032-1327831 – This Thieme Connect link likely leads to a scientific publication, possibly a review or original research, on Vitex agnus-castus. It would delve into the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical efficacy of chasteberry, providing detailed scientific insights.