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Chinese Chaste Tree Leaf Extract

Also known as: Chaste tree, Chasteberry, Agnus castus, Monk's pepper, *Vitex agnus-castus*

Overview

Vitex agnus-castus, commonly known as the chaste tree, is a flowering plant native to the Mediterranean region. The fruit and leaves are utilized in herbal medicine, particularly for female reproductive health issues. This herbal supplement is primarily used for conditions such as premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and cyclic mastalgia. Key active components include iridoids, flavonoids, diterpenoids, and essential oils. Research on its efficacy includes moderate clinical evidence demonstrating benefits for managing PMS symptoms, hormonal regulation, and potentially aiding other reproductive disorders. Although there are several clinical trials exploring its effectiveness, further high-quality studies are needed to strengthen the current findings and clarify the optimal usage and safety profiles.

Benefits

Chaste tree extract has been shown to effectively reduce PMS symptoms, including mood disturbances and physical discomfort, according to multiple randomized controlled trials. A systematic review suggested that chaste tree extracts had a favorable impact, outperforming placebo treatments in mitigating PMS symptoms in several studied cases. Additional evidence points to potential benefits for managing cyclic mastalgia and hyperprolactinemia; however, findings remain inconsistent. Populations that particularly benefit include women aged 20-40 with PMS or cyclic mastalgia. Notably, the treatment efficacy tends to manifest after consistent use spanning several menstrual cycles, with a number needed to treat of 4 indicating a clinically significant effect.

How it works

The mechanism of action for chaste tree extracts primarily involves the modulation of the pituitary-hypothalamic axis, where it influences dopamine and estrogen receptors. This interaction may help to balance prolactin and estrogen levels, which are critical in regulating menstrual cycles. Chaste tree extracts appear to have a particular effect on the endocrine system, with potential targets including dopamine receptors and estrogen receptors. Limited data exist regarding the absorption and bioavailability of its active constituents.

Side effects

Chaste tree is generally deemed safe, yet like any supplement, it can present side effects. Common adverse effects, occurring in more than 5% of users, include gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, fatigue, acne, and menstrual irregularities. Less frequently reported side effects (1-5%) may involve itching or rash. Rare side effects have not been well-documented. Users should be cautious of interactions with dopamine agonists and antagonists, which could alter the supplement's effects. Pregnant and breastfeeding women are advised against use due to potential hormonal impacts. Safety in children and regarding its use during pregnancy remains inadequately established, reinforcing the need for medical guidance when considering this extract.

Dosage

The minimum effective dose of chaste tree extract is generally considered to be between 20 and 40 mg of the fruit extract daily. For PMS symptom alleviation, some studies suggest optimal dosages of up to 80 mg per day. Although some studies have evaluated doses up to 1,800 mg per day without apparent harm, the maximum safe dosage is not well defined. It is typically recommended to take the extract daily throughout the menstrual cycle. Standardized extracts, particularly those evaluated for specific active components like casticin or agnuside, are favored, though limited data on absorption factors exist.

FAQs

How should chaste tree extract be taken?

It is best taken daily and may require several menstrual cycles to observe results.

Is it safe to use chaste tree during pregnancy?

No, chaste tree should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential hormonal effects.

What are the most common side effects?

Common side effects include gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, and fatigue.

Can chaste tree help with menopausal symptoms?

Current research has not established its efficacy for menopausal symptoms when used alone.

Should I consult a doctor before using chaste tree extract?

Yes, especially if you are taking other medications or have existing health concerns.

Research Sources

https://www.drugs.com/npp/chaste-tree.html – This source provides a comprehensive overview of the uses, benefits, and side effects of chaste tree extract, with a focus on its application in managing PMS.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23136064/?adb_sid=7ae2f98c-ecbf-43a0-9dd7-41c1396d29b3 – A systematic review assessing the efficacy of *Vitex agnus-castus* for PMS and menopausal symptoms, showing some positive effects for PMS but limited evidence for menopausal relief.
https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/chasteberry – This resource discusses the properties of chasteberry, outlining potential benefits, uses, and safety considerations, particularly for female hormone regulation.
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/7/761 – This study presents insights into the biological activity of Vitex agnus-castus, emphasizing its role in cyclic mastalgia and future research directions.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK588847/ – The entry includes detailed information on the pharmacological aspects of chaste tree, its traditional uses, and available clinical evidence, summarizing findings across various studies.