Commiphora myrrha extract
Also known as: Commiphora myrrha, Myrrh, Guggul
Overview
Commiphora myrrha, commonly known as myrrh, is a plant native to the Middle East and North Africa, from which a resin is extracted. This resin has been traditionally used in medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and anti-parasitic properties. Myrrh contains volatile oils, alcohol-soluble resins, and water-soluble gum, contributing to its therapeutic effects. It has been used for wound healing, pain relief, and as an anti-inflammatory agent. Research interest in myrrh's pharmacological properties is growing, although the quality of available evidence is variable. Some studies show promising results, but systematic reviews and meta-analyses are needed to confirm its efficacy. Myrrh is available in various forms, including raw resin, extracts, and as an ingredient in products like mouthwash and topical creams.
Benefits
Commiphora myrrha extract has demonstrated several potential health benefits. Studies suggest it possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-plaque effects, with one study showing clinical improvement in plaque reduction and gingival inflammation when used in a mouthwash. Myrrh extract has also exhibited antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects, reducing oxidative stress and fibrosis in ethanol-induced liver damage in animal models. Furthermore, it has shown antinociceptive effects, alleviating neuropathic pain in animal models. In vitro studies suggest anti-cancer effects, with *C. myrrha* n-hexane extract suppressing breast cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis. These benefits are supported by varying levels of evidence, with more rigorous clinical trials needed to confirm these findings in humans and determine appropriate dosages and long-term effects.
How it works
Commiphora myrrha's mechanism of action involves multiple biological pathways. Its anti-inflammatory effects are likely mediated through modulation of inflammatory mediators. The antioxidant properties help reduce oxidative stress, potentially protecting cells from damage. In cancer cells, myrrh extract may induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. It interacts with the nervous system to reduce pain and with liver cells to mitigate oxidative stress. However, the precise molecular targets and the extent of absorption and bioavailability of myrrh's active compounds remain areas requiring further research.
Side effects
Commiphora myrrha is generally considered safe when used appropriately, but long-term safety data are limited. Common side effects include gastrointestinal upset and allergic reactions. Skin irritation is an uncommon side effect. Rare side effects are not well-documented. Potential drug interactions exist, particularly with anticoagulants and diabetes medications, necessitating caution and further research. It is contraindicated in pregnancy and breastfeeding due to a lack of safety data. Individuals with bleeding disorders or diabetes should use myrrh with caution. It is important to monitor for any adverse reactions and discontinue use if they occur.
Dosage
The minimum effective dose of Commiphora myrrha is not well-established. Optimal dosage ranges vary depending on the application. In traditional medicine, it is typically used in small amounts. The maximum safe dose is also not well-defined. Timing considerations are not specified in the available research. It is often used as a mouthwash or topical application. Limited data are available on absorption factors. Due to the lack of comprehensive data, it is crucial to start with low doses and monitor for any adverse effects. Consulting with a healthcare professional is recommended before using Commiphora myrrha, especially for individuals with pre-existing health conditions or those taking medications.
FAQs
How can I ensure the myrrh product I'm using is safe?
Ensure proper identification of the plant and preparation method to avoid adulteration. Purchase from reputable sources and check for third-party testing.
Is myrrh safe to use during pregnancy or breastfeeding?
No, myrrh is contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to a lack of safety data. Avoid use during these times.
How long does it take to see results from using myrrh?
Expected results vary depending on the condition being treated. There is limited data on the time course of benefits, so individual responses may differ.
Are there any known interactions with other medications?
Potential interactions exist with anticoagulants and diabetes medications. Consult with a healthcare professional before use if you are taking other medications.
What are the common misconceptions about myrrh?
A common misconception is the belief in universal efficacy without scientific backing. Myrrh shows potential, but more rigorous clinical trials are needed.
Research Sources
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9672555/ – This article discusses the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of myrrh. It highlights myrrh's potential in treating various ailments due to its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, emphasizing the need for further research to validate these claims.
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10768035/ – This study investigates the antinociceptive effects of an aqueous Commiphora myrrha extract in a mouse model of paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain. The findings suggest that myrrh extract may alleviate neuropathic pain, but further human studies are needed to confirm these results.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/12/729 – This research explores the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Commiphora myrrha extract against ethanol-induced liver damage. The study indicates that myrrh extract can reduce oxidative stress and fibrosis in the liver, suggesting potential benefits for liver health, although human trials are necessary.
- https://opendentistryjournal.com/VOLUME/13/PAGE/1/FULLTEXT/ – This study evaluates the clinical improvement in plaque reduction and gingival inflammation using myrrh mouthwash. The results demonstrate that myrrh mouthwash can effectively reduce plaque and gingival inflammation, supporting its use in oral hygiene.
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1425157/full – This study investigates the effects of C. myrrha n-hexane extract on breast cancer cells. The findings suggest that the extract suppresses breast cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis, providing promising in vitro and in vivo data that require clinical validation.