Cordyceps Sinensis Mycelium Extract
Also known as: Cordyceps sinensis, Caterpillar fungus, Dong Chong Xia Cao, Ophiocordyceps sinensis
Overview
*Ophiocordyceps sinensis*, formerly known as *Cordyceps sinensis*, is a parasitic fungus that primarily grows on caterpillars found in high-altitude regions such as the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau. It has been utilized in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries and is reputed for its ability to enhance physical performance, improve immune function, and support kidney health. Active compounds such as cordycepin and polysaccharides contribute to its notable biological effects, which include immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory responses, and antioxidant activities. Despite extensive research, the quality of evidence varies significantly and more rigorous clinical studies are necessary to substantiate many of its health claims.
Benefits
Research indicates several evidence-backed benefits of *Ophiocordyceps sinensis*: (1) **Renal Function Improvement**: A meta-analysis demonstrated significant reductions in blood creatinine levels, showing potential renal protective effects in patients. (2) **Immune System Enhancement**: Its immunomodulatory properties have been linked to increased immune responses and reduced inflammation. (3) **Cardiovascular Health**: Some findings suggest potential benefits in managing cardiovascular risk factors, although the evidence is not as robust as that for renal health. (4) **Patient Populations**: Most beneficial outcomes have been observed in dialysis patients, improving their quality of life and decreasing adverse cardiovascular events. These benefits generally manifest within weeks to months of consistent supplementation.
How it works
*Ophiocordyceps sinensis* primarily acts through immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory pathways. It enhances immune responses by modulating cytokine production and immune cell activity. The anti-inflammatory effects are mediated through inhibition of pro-inflammatory pathways like NF-κB. The fungus improves renal function through enhanced glomerular filtration and tubular health, while its effects on the cardiovascular system may include improved blood flow and lowered blood pressure, with cordycepin being a notable active component that mimics adenosine and influences several physiological processes.
Side effects
Generally regarded as safe when used appropriately, *Ophiocordyceps sinensis* can cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort in some individuals. Allergic reactions, although rare, are possible. There are no well-documented severe side effects. Caution is advised for individuals taking immunosuppressants or blood thinners due to potential drug interactions. It is not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women due to insufficient safety data, and patients with autoimmune diseases should also consult healthcare professionals before use.
Dosage
The typical starting dose of *Ophiocordyceps sinensis* is around 500 mg per day, with an optimal dosage range of 1,000 to 3,000 mg per day most commonly cited for health benefits. Following safety considerations, dosages above 3,000 mg are advisable only under medical supervision. For best results, the extract should be taken with meals to minimize gastrointestinal upset. Known for variable bioavailability, extracts may offer more consistent active compounds compared to whole fungus forms.
FAQs
Should *Ophiocordyceps sinensis* be taken with other medications?
It is recommended to use under medical supervision, particularly for patients with chronic conditions or those on medications.
How long does it take to see effects?
Users may notice improvements in immune function and renal health within weeks to months of consistent usage.
Can it be used during pregnancy?
Pregnancy and breastfeeding are contraindications due to a lack of sufficient safety data.
Is there a maximum safe dose?
While there are no established upper limits, doses above 3,000 mg should be approached with caution and ideally under supervision.
Does it have side effects?
It is generally safe but may cause mild gastrointestinal issues; rare allergic reactions are also possible.
Research Sources
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11747039/ – This meta-analysis involved 1,310 patients and highlighted that *Cordyceps sinensis* significantly improves renal function by reducing creatinine levels and enhancing urine osmolality, with variability noted in study quality and duration, thus providing moderate to high confidence in findings.
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7898063/ – This systematic review assessed 1,271 participants and found that fermented *Ophiocordyceps sinensis* mycelium decreases the incidence of contrast-associated acute kidney injury, but it was limited by low certainty evidence due to potential risk of bias.
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10776043/ – A comprehensive review indicated that various *Cordyceps* species exhibit broad pharmacological effects, including notable immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory actions, highlighting their potential therapeutic applications.
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