Corriander
Also known as: Coriander, Cilantro, Chinese Parsley, Coriandrum sativum
Overview
Coriander, scientifically known as *Coriandrum sativum*, is an annual herb widely recognized for its culinary and potential medicinal properties. The seeds are commonly referred to as coriander, while the leaves are known as cilantro. This herb is a source of vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds, including polyphenols and essential oils. Traditionally, coriander has been used to address digestive issues, anxiety, diabetes, and infections. While it is widely used, there is limited rigorous clinical evidence to support these uses. Coriander essential oil has demonstrated antibacterial properties in vitro. Research on coriander is moderately mature, with in vitro and animal studies, as well as some human trials, but there is a lack of high-quality systematic reviews specifically on coriander supplementation in humans. The quality of evidence is generally low to moderate, indicating a need for more well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
Benefits
Coriander may offer several potential health benefits, although the evidence supporting these claims varies. Some studies suggest that coriander may help regulate blood sugar levels, which could be beneficial for individuals with diabetes. However, the evidence from human RCTs is limited and inconclusive. Coriander essential oil has shown antibacterial effects in vitro, suggesting potential for infection control, but clinical evidence is lacking. Polyphenolic extracts from coriander seeds have demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in animal models. Some studies indicate anxiolytic potential, though clinical confirmation is sparse. Individuals with type 2 diabetes might benefit from coriander's blood sugar-lowering properties, but careful monitoring is required due to potential interactions with antidiabetic drugs. Quantitative data from high-quality RCTs are scarce, limiting conclusions about effect size and clinical relevance.
How it works
Coriander's bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, flavonoids, and essential oils like linalool, may exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. The blood glucose-lowering effect may involve enhanced insulin secretion or sensitivity and inhibition of carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, though human evidence is limited. Vasodilatory and diuretic effects may be mediated by modulation of vascular smooth muscle and renal function. Absorption and bioavailability of coriander's active compounds vary; essential oils are lipophilic and may require appropriate formulation for optimal uptake.
Side effects
Coriander is generally considered safe when consumed as food, but supplement doses should be monitored. Common side effects are rare, but mild gastrointestinal discomfort is possible. Uncommon side effects include allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Rare side effects include potential for excessive sedation or hypotension when combined with sedatives or antihypertensive drugs. Coriander may potentiate the effects of antidiabetic medications, risking hypoglycemia, and may enhance antihypertensive drugs, risking hypotension. It may also increase sedation with CNS depressants. Caution is advised in patients on blood sugar or blood pressure medications, and it should be avoided in those with known allergies to plants in the Apiaceae family. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult healthcare providers due to insufficient safety data.
Dosage
No standardized dosing for coriander has been established from high-quality clinical trials. Traditional use involves culinary amounts, while supplements vary widely in dosage. Essential oil doses must be carefully controlled due to their potency and potential toxicity. Monitoring blood glucose and blood pressure is advised when used adjunctively with medications. There are no specific timing or cofactor requirements established. Due to the lack of established safe upper limits, it is best to start with low doses and gradually increase while monitoring for any adverse effects.
FAQs
Is coriander safe to use with diabetes medications?
Use caution and monitor blood sugar closely due to the risk of hypoglycemia. Consult with a healthcare provider before combining coriander with diabetes medications.
Can coriander lower blood pressure?
Possibly, but the effects are mild and should not replace prescribed antihypertensives. Monitor blood pressure regularly if using coriander for this purpose.
How long until effects are seen?
There is insufficient data to determine how long it takes for coriander to produce noticeable effects. Consistent use over several weeks may be necessary.
Is coriander the same as cilantro?
Cilantro refers to the leaves of *Coriandrum sativum*, while coriander usually refers to the seeds. Both have different uses and compound profiles.
Are there any known allergies?
Yes, some individuals allergic to related plants in the Apiaceae family may experience allergic reactions to coriander.
Research Sources
- https://www.stcrs.com.ly/istj/docs/volumes/Efficacy%20of%20Coriander.pdf – This study investigates the efficacy of coriander. It provides insights into the potential health benefits of coriander, although specific findings and methodologies are not detailed in the summary.
- https://www.research-archive.org/index.php/rars/preprint/view/2595 – This experimental study explores the allelopathic effects of ashwagandha on coriander plant growth. While it uses proper controls, its focus on plant biology rather than human health makes it less relevant to supplementation effects in humans.
- https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/14/8/770 – This in vitro study on polyphenolic extracts from coriander seeds demonstrates antileukemic activity and potential molecular targets. It suggests bioactive potential but requires clinical validation through human studies.
- https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-117/coriander – WebMD summarizes coriander’s nutrient content and potential interactions. It notes the lack of strong clinical evidence for most health claims, highlighting the need for more rigorous research.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/4/620 – This study investigates the antimicrobial activity of coriander essential oil. It provides evidence for the potential use of coriander in controlling microbial growth, although clinical applications require further research.
