Cynaropicrin
Also known as: Cynaropicrin, Artichoke extract, Cynara scolymus extract
Overview
Cynaropicrin is a sesquiterpene lactone found in artichokes (Cynara scolymus) and other Cynara species. It is being investigated for its potential health benefits, primarily its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Research suggests it may have therapeutic effects against certain diseases, but most studies are preclinical. The compound is extracted from artichoke leaves and is being studied for its effects on immune response and bone health. While generally considered safe as part of artichoke extracts, specific safety data for isolated cynaropicrin is limited. Further research is needed to fully understand its effects and establish safe dosage guidelines for human use. It is not commonly used as a standalone supplement but rather consumed as part of artichoke extracts.
Benefits
Cynaropicrin has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting TNF-α production and nitric oxide release in murine macrophages, suggesting potential benefits for inflammatory conditions. Animal studies also indicate potential anti-osteoporosis effects, warranting further investigation into its role in bone health. However, the majority of evidence is derived from in vitro and animal studies, limiting the ability to extrapolate these benefits directly to humans. Clinical trials are needed to confirm these effects and determine the optimal dosage and safety profile for human use. The time course of benefits is not well-studied in humans.
How it works
Cynaropicrin's mechanism of action primarily involves modulating inflammatory pathways. It inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, and reduces nitric oxide release, thereby suppressing inflammatory responses. Additionally, it may interact with pathways involved in bone metabolism, potentially influencing bone health. The α-methylenebutyrolactone group within the cynaropicrin molecule is considered crucial for its biological activity. Specific details regarding its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) in humans are limited, requiring further investigation to fully elucidate its pharmacokinetic properties.
Side effects
While cynaropicrin is generally considered safe when consumed as part of artichoke extracts, specific safety data for isolated cynaropicrin is limited. Potential side effects are not well-documented, but some studies suggest possible neurotoxic effects at high concentrations. Due to the limited research, pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult healthcare providers before consuming cynaropicrin-containing supplements. Drug interactions have not been extensively studied, so caution is advised when combining with other medications. Further research is needed to comprehensively assess the safety profile and identify any potential adverse effects or contraindications.
Dosage
Due to limited research, a specific recommended dosage for cynaropicrin has not been established. It is typically consumed as part of artichoke extracts, where the concentration of cynaropicrin varies. Determining the optimal dosage range requires further investigation, including clinical trials to assess efficacy and safety. Until more data is available, it is advisable to follow the dosage guidelines for artichoke extracts and consult with a healthcare professional before using cynaropicrin-containing supplements. The maximum safe dose has not been determined.
FAQs
What is cynaropicrin and where does it come from?
Cynaropicrin is a bioactive compound found in artichokes and other Cynara species. It is a sesquiterpene lactone being studied for its potential health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
What are the potential benefits of cynaropicrin?
Research suggests it may have anti-inflammatory and potential anti-osteoporosis effects, but most evidence is from in vitro and animal studies. Human clinical trials are needed to confirm these benefits.
Is cynaropicrin safe to consume?
It is generally considered safe as part of artichoke extracts, but specific safety data for isolated cynaropicrin is limited. Consult a healthcare provider before using cynaropicrin-containing supplements.
How is cynaropicrin typically consumed?
Cynaropicrin is typically consumed as part of artichoke extracts. Its standalone use is not common, and specific dosing guidelines are not well-defined.
Are there any known side effects?
Side effects are not well-documented, but some studies suggest potential neurotoxicity at high concentrations. More research is needed to comprehensively assess the safety profile.
Research Sources
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9348909/ – This study investigates the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of various compounds, including cynaropicrin. It provides insights into the potential mechanisms through which cynaropicrin may exert its beneficial effects, highlighting its role in modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. The research contributes to understanding the pharmacological properties of cynaropicrin and its potential therapeutic applications.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/4/397 – This research explores the chemical composition and biological activities of artichoke extracts, with a focus on cynaropicrin. It examines the potential health benefits associated with artichoke consumption, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects. The study provides valuable information on the bioactive compounds present in artichokes and their potential role in promoting human health.
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ptr.7247 – This review discusses the pharmacological properties and potential therapeutic applications of artichoke extracts and their constituents, including cynaropicrin. It summarizes the available evidence on the health benefits of artichokes, such as their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cholesterol-lowering effects. The review highlights the need for further research to fully elucidate the mechanisms of action and clinical efficacy of artichoke extracts and cynaropicrin.
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5143615/ – This study investigates the effects of cynaropicrin on inflammatory responses in vitro. It examines the ability of cynaropicrin to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulate immune cell function. The findings suggest that cynaropicrin may have potential as a therapeutic agent for inflammatory disorders, warranting further investigation in preclinical and clinical studies.
- https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/09731296221137415 – This study investigates the anti-osteoporosis effects of cynaropicrin in animal models. The research suggests that cynaropicrin may have potential in preventing bone loss. Further studies are needed to confirm these effects and determine the optimal dosage and safety profile for human use.
