Vitamin E isomers (as DeltaGold® delta and gamma tocotrienols)
Also known as: Vitamin E isomers, delta tocotrienol, gamma tocotrienol, Tocotrienols, DeltaGold®, Delta and Gamma Tocotrienols
Overview
Delta and gamma tocotrienols are specific isomers of vitamin E, a group of fat-soluble compounds known for their antioxidant properties. These tocotrienols, characterized by their unique chemical structure, are found in sources like palm oil, rice bran oil, and annatto oil. DeltaGold® is a commercial extract standardized for these tocotrienols. They are being studied for their potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardiometabolic, neuroprotective, and skin health benefits. Research suggests that tocotrienols may offer superior therapeutic effects compared to tocopherols, particularly in cardiovascular and metabolic health. They are potent antioxidants with distinct anti-inflammatory properties, differing in bioavailability and metabolism compared to alpha-tocopherol. They may also modulate lipid profiles, oxidative stress markers, and inflammatory cytokines. While research is ongoing, evidence from randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses supports their potential health benefits.
Benefits
Delta and gamma tocotrienols have shown promise in several areas. A meta-analysis indicated that supplementation with 250 mg/day of tocotrienols significantly reduced serum inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) by 40%, nitric oxide (NO) by 40%, and malondialdehyde (MDA) by 34%, while increasing total antioxidant status by 22%. These effects are clinically relevant for cardiovascular risk reduction. Additionally, tocotrienols have been found to improve skin parameters like pigmentation, moisture, and wrinkle reduction. Meta-analytical data also suggest an inverse association between dietary vitamin E (including tocotrienols) and metabolic syndrome risk. These benefits have been observed particularly in middle-aged to older adults with cardiometabolic risk factors and those seeking to improve skin health.
How it works
Delta and gamma tocotrienols primarily function as potent antioxidants, scavenging free radicals and inhibiting lipid peroxidation. They also modulate inflammatory pathways by downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes. Specifically, they inhibit nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling and modulate nitric oxide synthase activity. While their interaction with α-tocopherol transfer protein is limited, resulting in lower plasma levels compared to α-tocopherol, they may accumulate differently in tissues, contributing to their unique effects. These mechanisms influence cardiovascular, metabolic, and skin systems by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
Side effects
Delta and gamma tocotrienols are generally well-tolerated, with no major safety concerns reported in clinical trials. Common side effects are rare, with some individuals experiencing mild gastrointestinal discomfort. No significant rare adverse events have been documented. However, due to vitamin E's mild blood-thinning effects, potential interactions with anticoagulants should be considered, and caution is advised. There are no specific contraindications beyond standard vitamin E precautions. Pregnant women may benefit from tocotrienols in pre-eclampsia prevention but should consult healthcare providers before use. Overall, the safety profile of delta and gamma tocotrienols appears favorable at recommended dosages.
Dosage
Clinical studies showing benefits typically use 200-300 mg/day of tocotrienols. An optimal dosage range is 200-400 mg/day of combined delta and gamma tocotrienols. Up to 800 mg/day has been used without serious adverse effects, but long-term safety data are limited. As fat-soluble compounds, tocotrienols are best taken with meals containing fat to enhance absorption. Standardized extracts like DeltaGold® ensure consistent tocotrienol content. Absorption is enhanced by dietary fat, although bioavailability varies by formulation. While no specific cofactors are required, overall nutritional status influences efficacy.
FAQs
Are tocotrienols better than tocopherols?
Tocotrienols have distinct and potentially superior anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects compared to tocopherols. However, α-tocopherol remains the standard for meeting vitamin E requirements.
Is DeltaGold® a reliable source?
DeltaGold® is a standardized extract rich in delta and gamma tocotrienols, and it has been used in clinical studies, suggesting it is a reliable source.
How long until benefits appear?
Benefits from tocotrienol supplementation typically manifest after 8-12 weeks of consistent use.
Are there risks of overdose?
High doses of tocotrienols may increase bleeding risk. However, standard doses are generally considered safe.
Research Sources
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.1006198/full – This systematic review analyzed multiple studies on tocotrienols’ effects on aging skin, finding improvements in pigmentation, moisture, and wrinkle reduction. The review included RCTs with adequate sample sizes, supporting tocotrienols’ antioxidant and anti-inflammatory skin benefits.
- https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/vitamin-E – This resource provides comprehensive information about vitamin E, including its various forms (tocopherols and tocotrienols), dietary sources, and health effects. It highlights the antioxidant properties of vitamin E and its role in protecting against oxidative damage.
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.783990/full – This meta-analysis highlighted the inverse association between dietary vitamin E and metabolic syndrome risk, noting the complexity of circulating tocotrienol levels due to hepatic metabolism. It emphasized the distinct biological roles of tocotrienols versus tocopherols, suggesting superior therapeutic potential of tocotrienols.
- https://www.casi.org/vitamin-e-tocotrienols-cardiometabolic-solution – A meta-analysis involving 31 subjects showed that 250 mg/day tocotrienol supplementation significantly reduced inflammatory markers (CRP, NO, MDA) and increased antioxidant status, indicating cardiometabolic benefits. The study was an RCT with proper controls and statistically significant results.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/4/614 – This study investigates the potential preventive effects of tocotrienols in pregnancy-related conditions such as pre-eclampsia via antioxidative pathways. It provides insights into the role of tocotrienols in supporting healthy pregnancies through their antioxidant properties.