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DGL Licorice Extract

Also known as: Licorice, Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice, DGL Extract, Glycyrrhiza glabra

Overview

Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice (DGL) is a processed form of licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) from which glycyrrhizin, a compound associated with adverse effects like hypertension and hypokalemia, has been largely removed. This modification enhances its safety profile, making it suitable for prolonged use, particularly for gastrointestinal conditions. DGL is primarily utilized for its mucosal protective and healing properties, making it effective in managing peptic ulcers, gastritis, and heartburn. Beyond its well-established gastrointestinal benefits, DGL also exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potentially lipid-lowering effects. It contains various bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, saponins, phenols, and terpenoids, which contribute to its therapeutic actions. DGL is available in various forms, with chewable tablets being the most recommended due to their mechanism of action requiring salivary mixing for optimal efficacy.

Benefits

DGL licorice extract offers several evidence-based benefits, primarily in gastrointestinal health and showing promise in cardiovascular support. Its most significant benefit is its efficacy in healing gastric ulcers and alleviating symptoms of gastritis. Clinical protocols recommend chewable DGL tablets taken before meals for 8-16 weeks to promote mucosal regeneration and healing. This effect is attributed to DGL's ability to stimulate the production of protective mucus and enhance the growth and regeneration of stomach and intestinal cells. Beyond the gut, a meta-analysis of 26 clinical trials involving 985 participants indicated that licorice extracts can significantly reduce LDL cholesterol by approximately 9% and systolic blood pressure by 10%, with effects sustained for at least one month post-treatment. These cardiovascular benefits are further supported by its antioxidant activity, evidenced by a 15-25% reduction in LDL oxidation over 3-6 months. Additionally, DGL exhibits anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating properties, which may contribute to oral health and viral inhibition. Patients with hypercholesterolemia and those suffering from gastric ulcers are the populations that benefit most from DGL supplementation.

How it works

DGL primarily exerts its therapeutic effects by promoting mucosal healing and protection within the gastrointestinal tract. Unlike whole licorice, DGL's mechanism is not related to glycyrrhizin's mineralocorticoid effects. Instead, DGL stimulates the production of salivary compounds that enhance the growth and regeneration of stomach and intestinal cells, thereby strengthening the mucosal barrier. This action helps to heal existing ulcers and protect against further damage from stomach acid. The flavonoids present in DGL contribute to its antioxidant activity by reducing oxidative stress markers. Saponins in DGL are believed to contribute to its anti-inflammatory properties. For optimal efficacy, DGL must be mixed with saliva, which is why chewable tablets are recommended; this ensures direct contact with the oral and esophageal mucosa and facilitates its protective actions.

Side effects

DGL is generally considered safe with a minimal side effect profile, largely due to the removal of glycyrrhizin. Glycyrrhizin is the compound in whole licorice responsible for mineralocorticoid-related side effects such as hypertension, hypokalemia (low potassium), and fluid retention. By removing this compound, DGL significantly reduces these risks. Rare instances of mild gastrointestinal discomfort have been reported. Unlike glycyrrhizin-containing licorice, DGL typically does not interact with antihypertensive medications or diuretics. However, individuals with pre-existing conditions, especially those sensitive to herbal supplements, should exercise caution. There are no specific contraindications for DGL, but it is always advisable to consult a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement, especially for sensitive populations or those on multiple medications. Long-term use of DGL is generally considered safe, unlike whole licorice, which is discouraged for prolonged periods (over one month) due to glycyrrhizin-related risks.

Dosage

For optimal efficacy in gastrointestinal healing, the recommended dosage for DGL is typically 760 mg to 1,520 mg daily. This translates to two to four 380-mg chewable tablets per day. The timing of administration is crucial: DGL should be taken 20 minutes before meals or between meals. Taking DGL after meals may reduce its effectiveness. For ulcer healing, treatment duration commonly ranges from 8 to 16 weeks, depending on the individual's response. Chewable tablets are the preferred form of DGL because mixing with saliva is essential for its therapeutic action on the mucosal lining; capsule forms are significantly less effective as they bypass this critical salivary interaction. There is no clearly defined maximum safe dose for DGL, as toxicity concerns are primarily associated with glycyrrhizin, which is removed in DGL preparations. Adherence to the recommended timing and form is more critical than specific cofactors for DGL's efficacy.

FAQs

Is DGL safe for long-term use?

Yes, DGL is generally considered safe for long-term use because the problematic compound glycyrrhizin is removed. However, treatment for specific conditions like ulcers is typically limited to 8-16 weeks.

Can DGL be used for other conditions?

While primarily used for ulcers, DGL shows promise for cardiovascular health by reducing LDL cholesterol and blood pressure, and may offer oral health benefits. Further research is ongoing for these secondary uses.

Why chew tablets instead of swallowing capsules?

Chewing DGL tablets is crucial because it allows the extract to mix with saliva. This salivary interaction is necessary for DGL to effectively stimulate mucosal protection and healing in the stomach and esophagus.

When should DGL be taken?

For optimal efficacy, DGL should be taken 20 minutes before meals or between meals. Taking it after meals may reduce its therapeutic benefits for gastrointestinal issues.

Research Sources

https://www.alzdiscovery.org/uploads/cognitive_vitality_media/Licorice-Flavonoids-Cognitive-Vitality-For-Researchers.pdf – This meta-analysis of 26 clinical trials (n=985) investigated the effects of licorice flavonoids. It found significant reductions in LDL cholesterol (approx. 9%) and systolic blood pressure (10%), along with a 15-25% decrease in LDL oxidation, suggesting cardiovascular benefits. The study highlights the potential of licorice extracts in managing lipid profiles and blood pressure.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7348626/ – This randomized controlled trial (n=33) evaluated DGL for gastric ulcer healing. It demonstrated that chewable DGL tablets were effective in promoting ulcer healing over 8-16 weeks, while capsule forms were ineffective. The study emphasizes the importance of the chewable form for DGL's therapeutic action, requiring salivary mixing for mucosal contact.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10648065/ – This systematic review explored the effects of licorice on oral health and inflammation. It indicated that licorice can inhibit viral spread, reduce inflammation, and prevent biofilm formation. While mostly based on in vitro and animal studies, it supports the potential secondary benefits of licorice in oral hygiene and anti-inflammatory processes.