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American Elder Fruit Juice Concentrate

Also known as: American elderberry, elderberry fruit juice concentrate, Sambucus nigra, Sambucus canadensis

Overview

American elderberry fruit juice concentrate is derived from the berries of *Sambucus canadensis*, a subspecies of *Sambucus nigra*. This botanical dietary supplement is highly concentrated in anthocyanins and other polyphenols, which are considered its primary bioactive compounds, particularly cyanidin-glucoside anthocyanins. It is primarily utilized for its purported antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune-supportive, and cognitive health benefits. While research on elderberry is moderately mature, with an increasing number of clinical trials, large-scale systematic reviews specifically focusing on American elderberry juice concentrate are still limited. The quality of evidence varies, with some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) available, but comprehensive meta-analyses specifically on this concentrate are scarce. It is typically consumed as a juice concentrate, leveraging its rich phytochemical profile for health promotion.

Benefits

American elderberry fruit juice concentrate offers several evidence-based benefits, primarily due to its rich anthocyanin content. A recent randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial demonstrated that 5 mL of American elderberry juice concentrate taken thrice daily for 6 months significantly improved cognition and reduced inflammatory biomarkers in patients with mild cognitive impairment (p<0.05). This suggests a strong potential for cognitive enhancement in specific populations. Elderberry extracts, including American elderberry, have also shown promising immunomodulatory and antiviral properties. Meta-analyses on flavonoid-containing supplements, which include elderberry products, support its potential to reduce the duration and severity of respiratory infections, indicating moderate to strong evidence for immune support. Furthermore, the high concentration of anthocyanins (approximately 80% of total polyphenols) in elderberry juice contributes to its significant antioxidant capacity. These compounds may help attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation, potentially benefiting cardiovascular and neurodegenerative health. However, evidence for direct cardiometabolic benefits, such as lipid-lowering or significant cardiovascular risk reduction, remains limited and inconsistent, with some studies showing no significant changes in cholesterol or other cardiovascular markers.

How it works

The primary mechanism of action for American elderberry fruit juice concentrate is attributed to its high concentration of anthocyanins, particularly cyanidin-glucosides. These compounds function as potent antioxidants, effectively scavenging free radicals and mitigating oxidative stress within the body. Beyond their direct antioxidant activity, anthocyanins modulate inflammatory pathways by downregulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other proteomic bio-inflammatory markers. This anti-inflammatory effect contributes to its potential benefits in conditions linked to chronic inflammation. Additionally, elderberry polyphenols are believed to enhance immune function by stimulating cytokine production and promoting antiviral responses, thereby supporting the body's natural defenses. The absorption of these anthocyanins is moderate, and their bioavailability can be influenced by the processing of the juice and co-ingestion with other nutrients.

Side effects

American elderberry juice concentrate is generally well tolerated, with clinical trials reporting no serious adverse effects. Mild gastrointestinal discomfort, such as nausea or stomach upset, has been occasionally reported, but its incidence is low, affecting less than 5% of users. There are no established significant drug interactions or contraindications for American elderberry juice concentrate. However, due to its potential immunostimulatory effects, caution is advised for individuals with autoimmune conditions, as it theoretically could exacerbate symptoms. Safety data regarding its use in pregnant or breastfeeding populations are currently lacking, and therefore, its use in these groups is not recommended without medical supervision. It is important to note that raw or unripe elderberries, as well as other parts of the plant (leaves, stems, bark), contain cyanogenic glycosides and should not be consumed, as they can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The juice concentrate, however, is processed to remove these compounds, making it safe for consumption.

Dosage

For cognitive support, a specific dosage of 5 mL of 100% pure American elderberry juice concentrate, taken thrice daily (totaling 15 mL per day), has shown efficacy in a clinical trial. This dosage was standardized to approximately 15.9 mg of cyanidin-glucoside equivalents per dose. For other indications, optimal dosing is not as well established, and dosages in studies can vary widely depending on the concentration and form of the elderberry extract. The juice concentrate is typically administered orally. While no specific cofactors are required for absorption, taking it with meals may enhance bioavailability. There are no specific upper limits or safety thresholds widely established for American elderberry juice concentrate, but adherence to recommended dosages from reputable sources or clinical studies is advised. As with any supplement, it's prudent to start with a lower dose and gradually increase if needed, while monitoring for any individual reactions.

FAQs

Is elderberry juice concentrate effective for colds and flu?

Evidence suggests elderberry can modestly reduce the duration and severity of respiratory infections, including colds and flu, but it's best considered as an adjunctive support rather than a primary treatment.

Can it improve memory or cognition?

Preliminary randomized controlled trial data indicate that American elderberry juice concentrate may improve cognition and reduce inflammatory markers in individuals with mild cognitive impairment over a 6-month period.

Is it safe for long-term use?

Current research supports good safety for up to 6 months of use. Longer-term safety data are limited, so continued monitoring and consultation with a healthcare professional are advisable for extended use.

Does it lower cholesterol?

Current evidence does not consistently support significant lipid-lowering effects or other direct cardiovascular benefits from American elderberry juice concentrate.

Research Sources

  • https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11050618/ – This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated the effects of American elderberry juice concentrate on cognitive function and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with mild cognitive impairment. The study found that 6 months of supplementation significantly improved cognition and reduced inflammatory markers, suggesting a potential role for elderberry in cognitive health.
  • https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10096080/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis explored the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune benefits of elderberry polyphenols. It concluded that elderberry's rich anthocyanin content contributes to its significant antioxidant capacity and ability to modulate inflammatory pathways, supporting its potential in various health applications.
  • https://www.drugs.com/npp/elderberry.html – This source provides a comprehensive overview of elderberry, including its traditional uses, scientific evidence for various health claims, and safety profile. It notes that while some studies support immune and antiviral benefits, evidence for other claims like cholesterol reduction is inconsistent or limited.

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