Gardenia Extract
Also known as: Gardenia, Cape Jasmine, *Gardenia jasminoides*
Overview
*Gardenia jasminoides* is a flowering plant native to southern China, traditionally used in Asian medicine for various health conditions, including diabetes, high blood pressure, insomnia, and anxiety. The fruit of the gardenia has been used for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties due to active compounds like geniposide and genipin. Current research, although promising, remains limited, primarily consisting of animal studies and few human trials focused on its efficacy and safety. Ongoing investigations aim to clarify its potential health benefits, particularly for gastric health and respiratory infections.
Benefits
The primary evidence-based benefit of gardenia extract is its anti-inflammatory effect, demonstrated by a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines in animal models. Additionally, it has shown antimicrobial properties, particularly against *Helicobacter pylori*, which is associated with gastric inflammation. Specific populations that may benefit include individuals suffering from *H. pylori*-induced gastritis and patients with respiratory infections like COVID-19. Limited studies also indicate potential for improved insulin resistance and liver protection, although more evidence is needed. Statistical significance was noted with p-values < 0.05 for many outcomes in the studies, highlighting the potential efficacy of the extract.
How it works
Gardenia extract’s anti-inflammatory effects are primarily mediated through the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17 and IL-33, accompanied by an increase in protective mediators like prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). It exhibits antimicrobial action by inhibiting the growth of *Helicobacter pylori* and reducing gastric inflammation. Active compounds, particularly geniposide and genipin, interact with the gastrointestinal and immune systems, offering protective effects and modulating cytokine levels, although bioavailability studies on these compounds are limited.
Side effects
Overall, gardenia extract is considered generally safe based on animal studies, but detailed human safety information is scarce. Reported side effects include the potential for allergic skin reactions, primarily when applied topically. No significant adverse effects have been documented in human trials. Caution is advised for individuals with gastrointestinal conditions or those taking stimulant laxatives, as interactions may exacerbate diarrhea and potassium depletion. There is also insufficient data on the safety of gardenia extract during pregnancy and breastfeeding, warranting avoidance in these populations due to unknown risks.
Dosage
Current research does not establish a minimum effective dose for humans, though animal studies suggest effective dosages ranging from 98 to 395 mg/kg. Optimal dosage ranges and maximum safe doses for humans remain undefined. There is no consensus on specific timing for administration, and while the extract can be taken orally, the most effective form is yet to be fully determined. Absorption studies for the active compounds in gardenia extract are also limited, contributing to uncertainty regarding dosage recommendations and effectiveness.
FAQs
Is gardenia extract safe for everyone?
Gardenia extract is generally well-tolerated in animal studies, but there is limited information on its safety in humans, particularly during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
How should I take gardenia extract?
There are no specific guidelines for timing or administration of gardenia extract; it can be taken orally but requires more study for optimal use.
What benefits can I expect from using gardenia extract?
Expected benefits include anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. However, human trials are necessary to confirm these benefits fully.
Can gardenia extract cause allergic reactions?
Yes, topical application may lead to allergic skin reactions, although significant adverse effects have not been commonly reported in studies.
Research Sources
- https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/92 – This study investigates the anti-inflammatory effects of gardenia extract in H. pylori-infected rats, demonstrating significant reductions in inflammatory markers and providing a basis for its potential therapeutic use.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16169698/ – A comparative study highlighting the stronger anti-inflammatory activity of genipin over geniposide in an animal model, emphasizing the importance of active compounds found in gardenia.
- https://inabj.org/index.php/ibj/article/view/3023 – This multicentre, randomized trial assessed the efficacy of gardenia extract combined with essential oils in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, noting significant improvements in inflammatory markers and respiratory conditions.
- https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1488/gardenia – WebMD outlines the traditional uses and potential health benefits of gardenia, including its historical context in Asian medicine, while noting the limited clinical research available.