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Goldenseal Extract Concentrate

Also known as: Hydrastis canadensis, Goldenseal, Goldenseal Extract Concentrate

Overview

Goldenseal, scientifically known as *Hydrastis canadensis*, is a herbal supplement recognized for its isoquinoline alkaloids, primarily berberine, hydrastine, and canadine. These alkaloids exhibit in vitro antibacterial activity, although clinical evidence supporting its therapeutic efficacy in humans remains limited. Current research primarily focuses on the potential drug interaction risks associated with goldenseal and its possible role as an antimicrobial adjuvant. The quality of evidence is moderate concerning safety but low regarding its effectiveness in human applications. Most clinical data are derived from small pharmacokinetic studies. Goldenseal is available in various forms, including extracts, capsules, and teas, and is sourced from the roots of the goldenseal plant.

Benefits

The purported benefits of goldenseal include antimicrobial support and anti-inflammatory potential. In vitro studies suggest synergistic effects with antibiotics against *Staphylococcus aureus* and *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*. Preclinical models indicate that goldenseal alkaloids may inhibit COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, there are no high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrating statistically significant therapeutic benefits in humans at standard doses. The clinical evidence for goldenseal's benefits is generally considered weak, and more rigorous research is needed to confirm these effects in human populations.

How it works

Goldenseal's mechanism of action involves several pathways. Berberine metabolites inhibit CYP3A4, increasing the area under the curve (AUC) of drugs like midazolam. It also modulates transporters, reducing metformin exposure by inhibiting OCT1/OCT2/MATE. Its antimicrobial action is attributed to disrupting bacterial cell membrane integrity and efflux pumps. These interactions can significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, highlighting the importance of considering potential drug interactions when using goldenseal.

Side effects

Common side effects of goldenseal include gastrointestinal distress, such as nausea and diarrhea, particularly at doses exceeding 1 gram. More serious risks include significant drug interactions, especially with CYP3A4 substrates like statins and immunosuppressants, as well as diabetes medications. Goldenseal can alter metformin pharmacokinetics, potentially leading to hypoglycemia. It is contraindicated during pregnancy due to its uterotonic effects. Due to the potential for significant drug interactions and other adverse effects, goldenseal should be used with caution and under professional supervision. A 7-day washout period is recommended before administering sensitive medications.

Dosage

The typical dosage range for goldenseal is 500-1000mg of a standardized extract (containing 2-4% alkaloids) taken three times daily (TID). The maximum duration of continuous use should not exceed 3 weeks, as safety data beyond this period are lacking. It is critical to allow a 7-day washout period before administering medications sensitive to CYP3A4 or transporter interactions. Dosage may vary based on the specific product and its alkaloid content, so it is essential to follow product-specific guidelines and consult with a healthcare professional.

FAQs

Does it treat colds?

No, there is no high-quality RCT evidence to support the use of goldenseal for treating colds. Claims of its effectiveness for this purpose are not substantiated by rigorous clinical research.

Safe with blood thinners?

Goldenseal is contraindicated with blood thinners like warfarin, as it may alter warfarin metabolism and increase the risk of bleeding complications. Concurrent use should be avoided.

Standardization importance?

Standardization is essential because the alkaloid content in goldenseal products can vary significantly, sometimes by as much as 10-fold. Standardized extracts ensure consistent dosing and reduce the risk of unpredictable effects.

Research Sources

https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/goldenseal – This National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) resource provides a general overview of goldenseal, including its uses, potential side effects, and interactions. It serves as a reliable source for basic information and cautions regarding goldenseal supplementation.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3100400/ – This article likely details a study or review related to the antimicrobial properties or other biological activities of goldenseal. It may provide insights into the mechanisms by which goldenseal's constituents, such as berberine and hydrastine, exert their effects, particularly in the context of bacterial infections.
https://rex.libraries.wsu.edu/view/pdfCoverPage?instCode=01ALLIANCE_WSU&filePid=13413327070001842&download=true – This resource, potentially a thesis or dissertation, likely offers an in-depth analysis of goldenseal, possibly focusing on its chemical composition, pharmacological effects, or clinical applications. It may contain detailed information on the extraction, isolation, and characterization of goldenseal's active compounds.
https://www.drugs.com/npp/goldenseal.html – This Drugs.com entry provides a comprehensive overview of goldenseal, including its uses, dosage guidelines, potential side effects, and drug interactions. It serves as a practical resource for healthcare professionals and consumers seeking information on goldenseal supplementation.
https://www.naturalmedicinejournal.com/journal/goldenseal-drug-interactions-concern – This article from the Natural Medicine Journal highlights the significant drug interaction concerns associated with goldenseal. It likely discusses the mechanisms by which goldenseal affects drug metabolism and transport, emphasizing the importance of careful medication review and professional supervision when using goldenseal.