Greater Celandine Extract
Also known as: Greater Celandine, Swallow-wort, Bai-qu-cai, *Chelidonium majus*
Overview
Greater Celandine (*Chelidonium majus*) is a perennial herb native to Eurasia. The plant's dried above-ground parts, root, and rhizome are utilized medicinally. It contains over 20 biologically active alkaloids, particularly isoquinoline alkaloids, which are believed to contribute to its pharmacological properties. Traditionally, Greater Celandine is applied to treat gastrointestinal symptoms, liver and gallbladder disorders, and certain inflammatory conditions. Despite its historical use, scientific research primarily consists of observational and case studies, with limited well-designed clinical trials to substantiate these therapeutic claims. Consequently, the quality of the evidence remains low, and the effectiveness of Greater Celandine for indicated applications is not firmly established.
Benefits
Some studies suggest that Greater Celandine may aid in alleviating indigestion and potentially offer anticancer effects, although these findings lack robust evidence. Further, minor potential benefits for arthritis, inflammation, and exhibiting antimicrobial properties have been suggested, but more rigorous research is needed to confirm these effects. No specific populations have been identified that would benefit more from its use, and due to the scarcity of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, the effect sizes and clinical significance remain undefined. The undefined time course for these potential benefits indicates that conclusive clinical applications are not yet determined.
How it works
The various alkaloids in Greater Celandine are thought to exert antispasmodic, mildly sedating, and antimicrobial effects, primarily through their action on smooth muscle tissues and potential modulation of neurotransmitter release. These properties may impact bile production and flow, though caution is warranted regarding its use in individuals with underlying bile duct obstructions. The exact molecular targets remain inadequately defined, and studies investigating the absorption and bioavailability have been limited.
Side effects
The safety profile of Greater Celandine raises significant concerns, particularly given its association with hepatotoxicity. Common side effects are not well-documented due to limited studies, though rare and severe instances of hepatitis and liver injury have been reported. Other potential side effects include allergic skin reactions when applied topically. Drug interactions are a concern, especially with hepatotoxic medications or those metabolized by the liver, emphasizing contraindications for individuals with liver disease, bile duct obstruction, or autoimmune disorders. Moreover, use during pregnancy and breastfeeding is advised against due to insufficient safety data. Overall, the potential for serious adverse effects places Greater Celandine in a precarious position regarding safety and efficacy.
Dosage
There are no established minimum effective doses for Greater Celandine, nor is an optimal dosage range clearly defined. It is often formulated as part of combination products, such as Iberogast, especially for gastrointestinal issues. Concerns around hepatotoxicity arise even at low doses, with reports indicating adverse events at dosages as low as 6.6 mg/day. As a result, specific recommendations on timing and maximum safe doses are lacking. Commonly, oral administration is preferred, but absorption characteristics have not been thoroughly studied, leaving uncertainties regarding peak plasma concentrations and overall efficacy.
FAQs
What are the safety concerns with Greater Celandine?
Greater Celandine poses a significant risk of liver damage and hepatotoxicity, making it unsuitable for individuals with liver conditions.
When is the best time to take Greater Celandine?
There are no specific timing recommendations available for Greater Celandine supplementation.
What results can I expect from using Greater Celandine?
Expected benefits are not consistently supported by rigorous evidence, leading to uncertainty regarding its efficacy.
Is Greater Celandine safe for liver health?
Contrary to common misconceptions, Greater Celandine is not safe for liver conditions and should be avoided.
Research Sources
- https://journals.lww.com/acgcr/fulltext/2024/05000/a_yellow_flower_with_jaundice_power__liver_injury.4.aspx – This case study highlights a patient with acute hepatitis attributed to Greater Celandine, emphasizing its hepatotoxic potential and the need for caution in its use.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28379595/ – A literature review documented cases of hepatotoxicity linked to Greater Celandine, pointing to a concerning risk-benefit profile for its therapeutic applications.
- https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-676/greater-celandine – WebMD provides an overview of Greater Celandine, including its potential uses and the cautions regarding its safety and adverse effects, particularly related to liver health.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38366995/ – Research identified an antimicrobial peptide from Greater Celandine, suggesting potential new therapeutic avenues; however, its safety and efficacy for human use remain unconfirmed.
- https://www.rxlist.com/supplements/greater_celandine.htm – This resource offers a brief overview of Greater Celandine, outlining its historical uses, potential benefits, and significant safety concerns associated with its consumption.
