Hypsizygus Ulmarius Mushroom
Also known as: Hypsizygus ulmarius, Elm Oyster Mushroom, Elm Mushroom, Pleurotus ulmarius
Overview
Hypsizygus ulmarius, commonly known as the Elm Oyster Mushroom, is a basidiomycete mushroom found on elm trees and other hardwoods in temperate regions. It is cultivated for both culinary and medicinal purposes. As a functional food and supplement, it is being investigated for its potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor properties. The mushroom is notable for its low-cost production, high biological efficiency, and significant nutritional value. Research on *H. ulmarius* is still in its early to moderate stages, with most studies being preclinical or in vitro. Limited human clinical trials are available, and the quality of evidence is moderate for in vitro and animal studies but low for human clinical trials due to the scarcity of randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews. The primary active constituents are believed to be polysaccharides and other bioactive compounds.
Benefits
Preclinical studies suggest that *Hypsizygus ulmarius* exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Laboratory investigations have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects in cell and animal models. However, specific quantitative outcomes, such as the percentage reduction in inflammation markers, are not consistently reported in peer-reviewed human studies. While in vitro and animal studies suggest potential antitumor activity, these findings have not been confirmed in humans. Currently, there is no robust evidence to support specific population-specific benefits in humans. Effect sizes are not well quantified in human studies, and the clinical significance in humans remains uncertain. Animal studies suggest that benefits may be observed after several weeks of supplementation, but this has not been established in humans.
How it works
The proposed mechanisms of action for *Hypsizygus ulmarius* include the modulation of inflammatory cytokines, scavenging of reactive oxygen species, and potential induction of apoptosis in tumor cells. It primarily interacts with immune and inflammatory pathways. While the exact molecular targets are not fully elucidated, it may involve NF-κB and other inflammatory signaling pathways. Absorption and bioavailability data are limited, but it is presumed to be similar to other medicinal mushrooms, with polysaccharides and other bioactive compounds being the main active constituents.
Side effects
Based on traditional use and limited toxicity data, *Hypsizygus ulmarius* is generally considered safe. No significant adverse effects have been reported in available studies. Common, uncommon, and rare side effects have not been reported in the available literature. There are no known significant drug interactions, although there is a theoretical risk of additive effects with immunosuppressants or anticoagulants, but no clinical evidence supports this. There are no established contraindications. Safety in pregnancy, lactation, and children has not been established, and no specific recommendations are available for these populations.
Dosage
The minimum effective dose and optimal dosage ranges for *Hypsizygus ulmarius* have not been established in humans. Typical mushroom supplement dosages, such as 1–3 g/day of dried mushroom or equivalent extract, may be extrapolated, but this has not been specifically validated for *H. ulmarius*. The maximum safe dose has not been established. There are no specific timing recommendations. Dried powder, extracts, or whole mushroom forms are available, but there is no evidence favoring one form over another. Absorption likely depends on polysaccharide content and preparation method. No required cofactors have been identified.
FAQs
What are the practical usage concerns for Hypsizygus ulmarius?
The lack of human clinical data limits actionable recommendations. Preclinical data are promising but not directly translatable to humans. Clinical benefits in humans are not established, so caution is advised.
Is Hypsizygus ulmarius safe to consume?
No significant safety concerns have been identified in the available literature, but long-term safety is unknown. Consult with a healthcare provider before use, especially if you have underlying health conditions.
How should I take Hypsizygus ulmarius?
There are no specific timing recommendations; it may be taken with or without food. Follow the dosage instructions on the product label, but be aware that these are not based on robust clinical evidence.
What results can I expect from taking Hypsizygus ulmarius?
Based on preclinical data, potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects may be observed. However, clinical benefits in humans are not established, so results may vary.
Are claims of antitumor effects supported by evidence?
Claims of antitumor or immune-boosting effects in humans are not supported by robust clinical evidence. Preclinical studies show promise, but human trials are needed to confirm these effects.
Research Sources
- https://nopr.niscpr.res.in/bitstream/123456789/50561/1/IJEB%2057(10)%20763-769.pdf – This laboratory investigation using in vitro and animal models demonstrated that *H. ulmarius* exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. The study suggests potential therapeutic applications, but the findings are limited by the absence of human data and specific quantitative outcomes, making it difficult to generalize to human health benefits.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/10/2552 – This study focuses on the cultivation and identification of secondary metabolites in *H. ulmarius*. It highlights the mushroom's suitability for low-cost, high-efficiency cultivation and its notable nutritional and bioactive compounds. However, the study does not provide clinical or health outcome data, limiting its direct relevance to assessing clinical effects.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/3/563 – This research explores the bioactive compounds and potential health benefits of *Hypsizygus ulmarius*. The study identifies various compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting potential applications in functional foods and nutraceuticals. However, it is important to note that the findings are primarily based on in vitro and animal studies, and further research is needed to confirm these effects in humans.
- https://www.irjmets.com/uploadedfiles/paper/issue_4_april_2023/37244/final/fin_irjmets1685199974.pdf – This paper reviews the nutritional and medicinal properties of *Hypsizygus ulmarius*, highlighting its potential as a functional food. It discusses the presence of various bioactive compounds and their potential health benefits. However, the review emphasizes the need for more clinical trials to validate these effects in humans.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40111001/ – This study investigates the chemical composition and biological activities of *Hypsizygus ulmarius*. The research identifies several compounds with potential antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. While the findings suggest potential health benefits, further studies are needed to confirm these effects and determine their clinical significance.
