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Iridium

Also known as: Ir, Iridium(III) complexes, Iridium

Overview

Iridium is a dense, corrosion-resistant transition metal belonging to the platinum group and is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust. While not typically used as a supplement, iridium, particularly in the form of organometallic complexes, has been studied for its antimicrobial properties. Research on iridium complexes is relatively advanced in the context of antimicrobial applications, showing promise in combating various bacterial strains. However, the research is not mature concerning human supplementation, and there is a lack of human clinical trials. The available evidence primarily comes from in vitro and some in vivo studies, highlighting its potential in disrupting bacterial cell walls and biofilms. Due to the limited research, iridium is not recommended for human supplementation at this time.

Benefits

Currently, the primary evidence-based benefit of iridium, specifically in the form of Iridium(III) complexes, is its antimicrobial activity. In vitro studies have demonstrated potent activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the nanomolar range. These complexes have also shown the ability to disrupt and eradicate bacteria in mature biofilms. Furthermore, Iridium(III) complexes can restore the activity of vancomycin against vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) when coadministered. However, it's crucial to note that these benefits are primarily observed in laboratory settings, and there is no clinical evidence to support these benefits in human supplementation.

How it works

Iridium(III) complexes exhibit antimicrobial activity by interacting with bacterial cell walls, nucleobases, and amino acids, leading to cell wall disruption and subsequent bacterial cell death. These complexes target bacterial cell walls and biomolecules, disrupting bacterial function. Research suggests that these complexes exhibit low cytotoxicity towards mammalian cells, indicating a degree of selectivity for bacterial cells. However, the exact mechanisms of action and interactions within the human body are not fully understood due to the lack of human studies. Data on absorption and bioavailability in humans is currently unavailable.

Side effects

The safety profile of iridium or its complexes in humans is not well-established, especially in the context of supplementation. While in vitro studies suggest low cytotoxicity, comprehensive human safety data is lacking. Therefore, common, uncommon, and rare side effects are currently unknown. Similarly, there is no available data on potential drug interactions or established contraindications for iridium or its complexes in humans. Due to the absence of human clinical trials, special population considerations cannot be determined. Given the limited safety data, caution is advised, and iridium supplementation is not recommended without further research.

Dosage

Due to the lack of human clinical trials and safety data, a minimum effective dose, optimal dosage ranges, and maximum safe dose for iridium supplementation have not been established. Timing considerations, form-specific recommendations, absorption factors, and required cofactors are also currently unknown. Without sufficient research, it is impossible to provide safe and effective dosing guidelines. Therefore, iridium supplementation is not recommended until further studies can determine appropriate and safe dosages.

FAQs

Is iridium safe for human consumption?

The safety of iridium for human consumption is not established due to a lack of clinical trials. Current research is primarily focused on antimicrobial applications in vitro and in animal models.

What are the potential benefits of iridium supplementation?

While iridium complexes show antimicrobial activity in lab settings, there's no evidence to support benefits from iridium supplementation in humans. Clinical trials are needed to determine any potential benefits.

Are there any known side effects of taking iridium?

Due to the absence of human studies, the side effects of iridium supplementation are unknown. Caution is advised, and supplementation is not recommended without further research.

Can iridium interact with other medications?

There is no data available on drug interactions involving iridium in humans. It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional before considering any form of iridium supplementation.

Why is iridium being researched?

Iridium, in the form of organometallic complexes, is primarily being researched for its antimicrobial properties and potential applications in combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Research Sources

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00906 – This study investigates the antimicrobial activity of Iridium(III) complexes against various bacterial strains. The research demonstrates that these complexes exhibit potent activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains, with low cytotoxicity towards mammalian cells, suggesting potential as novel antimicrobial agents.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2814927 – This article provides guidance on understanding and interpreting systematic reviews and meta-analyses. While not directly related to iridium, it highlights the importance of using these types of studies to evaluate the quality and reliability of research on supplement ingredients, emphasizing the need for high-quality evidence.
https://jmla.pitt.edu/ojs/jmla/article/download/1223/1368 – This resource focuses on the development of search filters for identifying systematic reviews. Although it does not provide direct evidence on iridium, it is relevant for understanding how to effectively search for and evaluate systematic reviews, which are crucial for assessing the evidence base for supplement ingredients.
https://technology.matthey.com/content/journals/10.1595/205651323X16848455435118 – This resource discusses the properties and applications of platinum group metals, including iridium. It highlights iridium's high density, corrosion resistance, and other characteristics that make it useful in various industrial and technological applications, providing context for its unique properties.
https://cdle.colorado.gov/sites/cdle/files/TBI_Systematic%20Reviews%20and%20Meta-analyses.pdf – This document outlines the criteria for conducting and evaluating systematic reviews and meta-analyses. While not specific to iridium, it provides a framework for assessing the quality of research on any supplement ingredient, emphasizing the importance of rigorous methodology and comprehensive analysis.