Irisnxd
Also known as: Irisin, FNDC5-derived peptide
Overview
Irisin is a myokine, a protein produced by skeletal muscle primarily in response to physical exercise. It is derived from the fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). While naturally produced through exercise, irisin is being studied for its potential effects on metabolism, bone health, and energy expenditure. Key characteristics include its involvement in the browning of white adipose tissue, which may enhance metabolic rate and improve insulin sensitivity. Research on irisin is ongoing, exploring its effects on human health. The available evidence is not yet comprehensive, and more research is needed to fully understand its effects, particularly regarding direct supplementation. It is important to note that most research focuses on irisin produced naturally through exercise rather than through direct supplementation.
Benefits
Exercise-induced irisin levels may increase, potentially enhancing metabolic health and bone density. A meta-analysis found a significant increase in irisin levels with exercise, particularly in obese older adults (SMD = 0.91, 95% CI 0.69–1.13). Irisin may have implications in cancer and metabolic disorders, though more research is needed. Studies suggest benefits in healthy older adults and obese individuals, but results vary by population and study design. The duration of exercise interventions can influence irisin levels, with significant increases often seen in shorter-term studies. However, direct supplementation effects are less clear, and more research is needed to confirm these benefits.
How it works
Irisin primarily promotes the browning of white adipose tissue, a process that enhances energy expenditure and potentially improves insulin sensitivity. It interacts with adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, influencing metabolic health. The myokine acts on adipocytes to induce browning. While the mechanisms of action are being elucidated, data on the absorption and bioavailability of supplemented irisin is limited. Further research is needed to fully understand how irisin interacts with various body systems and its molecular targets.
Side effects
Limited data exists on the safety profile of direct irisin supplementation. Generally, irisin produced naturally through exercise is considered safe. Common, uncommon, and rare side effects from supplementation are not well-documented. Drug interactions are also not well-studied, and no contraindications have been documented. Caution is advised in populations with underlying health conditions due to the limited research on irisin supplementation. More comprehensive studies are needed to assess the safety of irisin supplementation.
Dosage
Minimum effective dose, optimal dosage ranges, and maximum safe dose for irisin supplementation have not been established. Timing considerations, form-specific recommendations, absorption factors, and required cofactors are also not established. Due to the limited research, specific dosing guidelines cannot be provided at this time. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional before considering irisin supplementation.
FAQs
Is irisin effective as a supplement?
There is limited evidence supporting the use of irisin as a supplement. More research is needed to understand its effects and determine its efficacy.
Is irisin supplementation safe?
Safety data is primarily based on natural production through exercise, not supplementation. The safety of direct irisin supplementation is not well-established.
What are the expected results from irisin supplementation?
Potential benefits on metabolism and bone health have been suggested, but the evidence is mixed and requires further investigation.
What is the difference between irisin from exercise and irisin supplements?
Irisin is naturally produced by the body during exercise. Supplements aim to provide irisin directly, but their effectiveness and safety are not yet fully understood.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36426821/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis found that exercise increases irisin levels, with significant effects in certain populations like obese older adults (SMD = 0.91, 95% CI 0.69–1.13). The study highlights the potential of exercise as a means to naturally increase irisin levels and improve metabolic health.
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8618299/ – This meta-analysis showed significant increases in irisin with short-term resistance training but decreases with longer durations. The findings suggest that the duration of resistance training can influence irisin levels, with shorter durations being more effective in increasing irisin.
- https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/5/2476 – This systematic review indicated that irisin administration can enhance bone quality, though effects on bone mineral density are modest. The study suggests that irisin may have potential benefits for bone health, particularly in improving bone quality.
- https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/17/9971 – This study investigates the role of irisin in metabolic regulation and its potential therapeutic applications. It highlights the mechanisms by which irisin influences glucose metabolism and energy expenditure, providing insights into its potential for treating metabolic disorders.
- https://www.scielo.br/j/bor/a/jKrKrkkp7zNWHV66dGwZbZB/ – This article discusses the effects of exercise on irisin levels and its implications for metabolic health. It emphasizes the importance of physical activity in stimulating irisin production and its potential role in improving metabolic function.
