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Lactobacillus johnsonii

Also known as: Lactobacillus johnsonii, L. johnsonii

Overview

Lactobacillus johnsonii is a probiotic bacterium naturally found in the gastrointestinal and vaginal tracts of humans and other vertebrates. As a Gram-positive, homofermentative bacterium, it produces lactic acid and other beneficial metabolites that contribute to gut health. It is commonly used as a probiotic supplement to support gut health, modulate immune function, and potentially reduce chronic inflammation. Research on L. johnsonii is ongoing, with studies exploring its effects on various health conditions, including its ability to inhibit the growth of Candida albicans. While the available evidence is variable, some high-quality studies suggest potential benefits, though further clinical trials are needed to confirm specific health outcomes. It is available in various forms, including capsules and powders, often as part of probiotic blends.

Benefits

Lactobacillus johnsonii exhibits several potential health benefits, primarily related to gut health and immune modulation. It has demonstrated pathogen antagonism, particularly against Candida albicans, through the production of lactic acid and other inhibitory metabolites. Research suggests it can modulate immune responses and reduce chronic inflammation by interacting with the gut microbiota and epithelial cells. Some studies indicate that L. johnsonii may enhance epithelial barrier function and modulate metabolic disorders. While promising, the effect sizes and clinical significance require further quantification through additional studies, especially in specific populations. The time course for observing these benefits is not well-documented, necessitating more research to understand the onset and duration of effects.

How it works

Lactobacillus johnsonii exerts its probiotic effects through several mechanisms. Primarily, it produces lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and other metabolites that inhibit the growth of pathogens. It interacts with the gut microbiota and epithelial cells, enhancing the gut barrier function and modulating inflammatory responses. At the molecular level, L. johnsonii involves the TLR1/2-STAT3 pathway, promoting the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. While the absorption and bioavailability of L. johnsonii haven't been specifically studied, it is generally believed that probiotics exert their effects locally within the gut.

Side effects

Lactobacillus johnsonii is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use as a probiotic. Common side effects are typically mild and gastrointestinal in nature, such as bloating or gas. Uncommon side effects may include systemic infections, but these are rare and primarily occur in immunocompromised individuals. Drug interactions are not significantly documented. While generally safe, caution is advised in severely immunocompromised individuals. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult with their healthcare providers before using Lactobacillus johnsonii. It is important to note that while rare, the possibility of systemic infections in vulnerable populations warrants careful consideration and medical supervision.

Dosage

The minimum effective dose of Lactobacillus johnsonii is not well-established, as it is often used in combination with other probiotics. Optimal dosage ranges vary depending on the specific product and intended use. There is no established maximum safe dose, but it is generally considered safe at typical probiotic doses. For best results, it is recommended to take Lactobacillus johnsonii with food to enhance its survival through the stomach. It is commonly available in capsule or powder form. The survival of the bacteria through the stomach and small intestine is crucial for its efficacy. No specific cofactors are required for its function.

FAQs

How should I store Lactobacillus johnsonii?

Store Lactobacillus johnsonii in a cool, dry place to maintain its viability. Avoid exposure to heat and moisture, which can reduce the number of live bacteria.

Is Lactobacillus johnsonii safe for everyone?

Generally safe, but consult a healthcare provider if you are immunocompromised or have underlying health conditions before taking Lactobacillus johnsonii.

When is the best time to take Lactobacillus johnsonii?

It is best to take Lactobacillus johnsonii with meals to enhance its survival through the stomach and improve its effectiveness in the gut.

How long does it take to see results from taking Lactobacillus johnsonii?

It may take several weeks to notice the benefits of Lactobacillus johnsonii. Consistency in taking the supplement is important for optimal results.

Is Lactobacillus johnsonii a cure-all for gut problems?

No, Lactobacillus johnsonii is not a cure-all. It is part of a broader health strategy that includes a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle choices.

Research Sources

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.853762/full – This study explored the antifungal properties of *L. johnsonii* against *Candida albicans*, demonstrating pH-dependent and pH-independent inhibition of fungal growth. The research provides insights into the potential of *L. johnsonii* as a natural antifungal agent, although the findings are based on in vitro and animal model data, highlighting the need for human trials to validate these effects.
http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?pid=S0004-06222022000100050&script=sci_arttext – This systematic review examined the use of probiotics, including *L. johnsonii*, in managing Crohn's disease. The review found mixed results, with some benefits in reducing inflammation but no clear evidence for preventing recurrence, indicating that while probiotics may offer some relief, their effectiveness in Crohn's disease management is still uncertain due to variable study quality and outcomes.
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiomes/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2023.1345330/full – This review highlights *L. johnsonii*'s role in maintaining host homeostasis through immune modulation and pathogen exclusion. The study suggests that *L. johnsonii* contributes to overall health by interacting with the host's immune system and preventing the colonization of harmful pathogens, although the evidence is primarily based on animal and in vitro studies, necessitating more human trials to confirm these benefits.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37894238/ – This study investigates the impact of *L. johnsonii* on gut microbiota composition and metabolic profiles in mice fed a high-fat diet. The findings suggest that *L. johnsonii* supplementation can modulate gut microbiota and improve metabolic parameters, potentially mitigating the adverse effects of a high-fat diet, but further research is needed to confirm these effects in humans.
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/3/493 – This research explores the potential of *L. johnsonii* as a probiotic for improving gut health and immune function in poultry. The study demonstrates that *L. johnsonii* supplementation can enhance gut barrier function and modulate immune responses in chickens, suggesting its potential as a natural alternative to antibiotics in poultry farming, but further research is needed to assess its efficacy in other animal species and humans.