Lactose Digesting Enzyme
Also known as: Lactose digesting enzyme, Lactase supplement, Lactase (β-galactosidase)
Overview
Lactase is an enzyme crucial for the digestion of lactose, a sugar found in milk, converting it into glucose and galactose. It is primarily produced in the small intestine and its levels tend to decrease after weaning, leading to lactose intolerance in a significant portion of the population. Lactase supplements are designed to help individuals who have insufficient lactase production to digest lactose-containing foods, thus alleviating symptoms like bloating, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. As a glycoprotein enzyme with alpha-glucosidase activity, lactase is essential for proper lactose metabolism and can be used effectively in supplement form to manage lactose intolerance. Numerous systematic reviews and clinical studies establish the efficacy of lactase supplements, demonstrating their critical role in improving the quality of life for those with lactose malabsorption.
Benefits
Lactase supplements significantly alleviate symptoms of lactose intolerance, such as abdominal pain, bloating, and diarrhea. A meta-analysis showed that lactase supplementation improves symptoms in lactose-intolerant individuals by reducing lactase deficiency effects. For example, individuals receiving lactase supplementation experienced reduced hydrogen levels in breath tests, indicating improved lactose digestion. The supplementation's benefits are particularly notable in populations with high lactose intolerance prevalence, such as those from Africa, Asia, and parts of Europe, where up to 68% of individuals might be affected. Evidence supports a substantial effect size concerning the reduction of digestive symptoms; notably, patients with inflammatory bowel diseases demonstrate marked symptom improvement upon using lactase supplements. Benefits are typically observed shortly after ingestion, allowing quick relief from immediate symptoms.
How it works
Lactase catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose into glucose and galactose, which are subsequently absorbed in the small intestine via the sodium/glucose co-transporter (SGLT1). Inadequate lactase leads to lactose malabsorption, wherein undigested lactose is fermented by gut bacteria, causing gas and discomfort. By supplementing lactase, individuals can effectively prevent this fermentation process, thereby improving digestion and absorption of lactose. The enzyme operates locally in the gastrointestinal tract, thus no systemic absorption is required to produce its beneficial effects.
Side effects
Lactase supplementation is generally considered safe with minimal reported side effects. There are no commonly observed adverse effects (more than 5%), and no significant uncommon (1-5%) or rare effects (<1%) have been documented in the literature. While lactase does not usually interact adversely with other medications, individuals with specific gastrointestinal disorders should consult healthcare professionals before use. Pregnant or breastfeeding women are also advised to seek medical advice prior to supplementation. Although uncommon, allergic reactions to the enzyme from specific supplement sources cannot be entirely ruled out.
Dosage
The minimum effective dose of lactase varies, typically ranging from 2,000 to 9,000 FCC units per dose taken with lactose-containing meals. Optimal dosage is commonly around the same range, adjusting based on the lactose content of the food ingested. While there is no established maximum safe dose due to the enzyme's high tolerance, it is advised to take lactase supplements just before or during meals containing lactose. The enzyme is available in various forms, including capsules, tablets, and liquids, allowing individuals to select based on personal preference and dietary habits. There are no required cofactors for its action, and it functions effectively within the gastrointestinal lumen without needing systemic absorption.
FAQs
Are lactase supplements safe?
Yes, lactase supplements are generally safe for most individuals. However, consult a healthcare provider if you have underlying gastrointestinal conditions.
When should I take lactase supplements?
Lactase supplements should be taken immediately before or during meals that contain lactose for optimal effectiveness.
What results can I expect from using lactase supplements?
Users typically report significant reductions in symptoms of lactose intolerance, including bloating, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.
Do lactase supplements cure lactose intolerance?
No, lactase supplements do not cure lactose intolerance; they simply help manage symptoms by aiding in the digestion of lactose.
Research Sources
- https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langas/article/PIIS2468-1253(17)30154-1/fulltext – This systematic review and meta-analysis examined global lactose malabsorption prevalence, estimating it at 68% across 89 countries. It emphasizes lactase supplementation's role in effectively mitigating symptoms related to lactose intolerance.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30462373/ – This laboratory study analyzed the activity of various lactase supplements, underscoring the importance of enzymatic activity in appropriately managing lactose intolerance.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27411934/ – This systematic review evaluated numerous studies on lactose digestion, finding that lactase supplementation alleviates symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, contributing to improved nutrition.
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