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Ligustilide

Also known as: Ligustilide, Z-Ligustilide

Overview

Z-Ligustilide is a bioactive compound extracted from *Angelica sinensis*, widely utilized in traditional Chinese medicine for its therapeutic effects. It exhibits significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Current research has indicated promising effects on cardiovascular health, neuroprotection, and potential anticancer benefits. Despite the abundance of studies, most research remains preclinical, with limited clinical trials on humans, emphasizing the need for further evidence to substantiate its therapeutic applications. Forms of ligustilide often include herbal extracts, and it is primarily sourced from the root of *Angelica sinensis*, also known as Dong Quai.

Benefits

Z-Ligustilide has several potential benefits, supported by emerging evidence: 1. **Antidepressant-like Effects**: Animal studies have shown significant reductions in immobility and increased sucrose preference, suggesting potential antidepressant activity. 2. **Neuroprotection**: Studies in Alzheimer’s models demonstrated reductions in oxidative stress and β-amyloid deposition, indicating neuroprotective effects. 3. **Anticancer Properties**: Research involving bladder cancer cells highlighted its ability to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. 4. **Cardiovascular Health**: Positive effects on endothelial function were observed, including the inhibition of fatty streak formation. However, while the effect sizes appear significant in animal models, human studies are necessary to validate these findings.

How it works

Z-Ligustilide operates through various biological pathways. It exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathways and inhibiting NF-κB signaling. Additionally, it supports neuroprotection via the PKA/AKAP1 signaling cascade. The compound interaction with body systems encompasses effects on the nervous, cardiovascular, and immune systems, highlighting its role in promoting cellular protection and inflammation modulation. Despite promising mechanisms, the absorption and subsequent bioavailability in humans are insufficiently understood.

Side effects

The safety profile of Z-Ligustilide remains generally favorable according to preclinical studies; however, comprehensive human safety data is not well-established. Common side effects have not been clearly documented, though possible gastrointestinal disturbances have been noted in limited reports. Serious adverse reactions are rare, and no widespread contraindications have been identified. There are potential drug interactions particularly with medications metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system, necessitating caution. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals are advised to approach Z-Ligustilide with care due to insufficient studies. Special consideration should be given to populations such as children or those with serious medical conditions, as data on its use in these groups is lacking.

Dosage

Human dosage recommendations for Z-Ligustilide remain undetermined as minimal effective doses have not been established. In animal studies, dosages ranging from 20 to 40 mg/kg were frequently utilized, but correlating these to human equivalents is challenging. There is currently no guidance on optimal or maximum safe dosages for human use. Timing of administration and specific formulations, such as liposomal forms, may enhance absorption but remain to be clearly defined. Further clinical studies are necessary to establish better dosage protocols and safety thresholds.

FAQs

Is Z-Ligustilide safe for human consumption?

While generally safe in animal studies, human safety data is lacking. Caution is advised.

What are the expected benefits of using Z-Ligustilide?

Potential benefits may include improved mood, cognitive function, and cardiovascular health, though these require confirmation in human trials.

Are there any known side effects?

Common side effects are not well-documented, but potential gastrointestinal disturbances have been noted. Severe effects are rare.

What dosage should I take?

Optimal human dosing is not established; animal studies often use 20-40 mg/kg, but human correlation is required.

Is Z-Ligustilide effective for treating depression?

Animal studies suggest antidepressant-like effects, but human efficacy is yet unproven and needs further research.

Research Sources

https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/etm.2021.10109?text=fulltext – This study explores the antidepressant-like effects of Z-Ligustilide in rats, showing significant behavioral improvements, indicating its potential for mood disorders.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/cns.14460 – Research highlights Z-Ligustilide's neuroprotective properties, demonstrating a reduction in oxidative stress and β-amyloid deposition in Alzheimer's disease models.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/cbdd.14207 – This investigation focused on Z-Ligustilide's anticancer effects, reporting inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in bladder cancer cell lines.
https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/12/1623 – The article reviews Z-Ligustilide's cardiovascular health benefits, noting its potential impact on endothelial function and fatty streak formation prevention.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32135035/ – This publication discusses the pharmacological effects of Z-Ligustilide, summarizing its activities across various biological systems and emphasizing the need for further investigation.