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Ligustrum Berry Extract

Also known as: Chinese Privet, Ligustrum berry, LLFE, Ligustrum lucidum

Overview

Ligustrum lucidum, commonly referred to as Chinese Privet, is a herbal extract prominently utilized in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). This extract is derived from the fruit of the plant and is valued for its potential support of liver and kidney health. It is believed to be beneficial for individuals undergoing chemotherapy due to its capability to alleviate related side effects and improve therapeutic outcomes. Rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids, Ligustrum lucidum exhibits notable antiproliferative and antioxidant properties. However, the majority of research consists of preclinical studies, indicating a pressing need for robust clinical trials to comprehensively determine its efficacy and safety for human consumption.

Benefits

The key benefits of Ligustrum lucidum fruit extract (LLFE) relate to its significant antiproliferative effects against cancer cells, with particular reference to hepatocellular carcinoma. In vitro studies indicate inhibition rates between 50-800 μg/ml, demonstrating LLFE's ability to induce selective apoptosis in cancer cells while sparing normal cells. Additionally, it has shown promise in alleviating chemotherapy-related effects, including myelosuppression and immunosuppression, and may be particularly beneficial for cancer patients during treatment. Though its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties are largely inferred from studies on related species, they suggest a potential for overall health enhancement. Nonetheless, much of this evidence relies on preclinical studies, highlighting the necessity for further clinical validation.

How it works

The action of Ligustrum lucidum fruit extract is centered around the induction of apoptosis through the activation of key apoptotic pathways. It promotes the activation of caspases, enzymes critical for apoptosis, and encourages cellular senescence by influencing the expression of regulatory proteins such as p21 and retinoblastoma protein. Furthermore, LLFE may augment immune function, countering the immunosuppressive effects frequently associated with chemotherapy. Although specific studies detailing its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms are limited, preliminary evidence from related species suggests it may effectively modulate inflammatory markers.

Side effects

Ligustrum lucidum appears to have a generally favorable safety profile according to preclinical studies; however, comprehensive clinical safety data remain insufficient. Common side effects are largely undocumented, with no significant adverse effects reported at a rate above 5%. Uncommon and rare side effects also require investigation due to the lack of extensive human trials. Notably, interactions with chemotherapy agents are possible, thus consultation with healthcare professionals is advised prior to use, especially for those undergoing such treatments. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should also exercise caution due to the absence of safety studies regarding these populations. Overall, careful consideration is necessary before using LLFE due to the limitations in current research.

Dosage

No standardized optimal dosage for human use of Ligustrum lucidum fruit extract has yet been defined. However, in vitro studies suggest that effective doses for achieving antiproliferative effects fall within the range of 50-800 μg/ml. The maximum safe dosage for human application remains undetermined in clinical contexts. Available forms of the extract include aqueous extracts and lyophilized powders, although factors influencing absorption are still unclear. Currently, there are no specific guidelines regarding timing or co-factors to assist in effective administration, highlighting the need for future research to establish appropriate dosage guidelines for human consumption.