Linum Usitatissimum Extract
Also known as: Flaxseed, Linseed, Flaxseed extract, Linum usitatissimum extract, Linum usitatissimum
Overview
Linum usitatissimum extract is derived from flaxseed, a seed rich in lignans, omega-3 fatty acids (specifically alpha-linolenic acid), fiber, and other bioactive compounds. It is primarily utilized as a dietary supplement and functional food ingredient, with research focusing on its potential benefits for cardiovascular health, weight management, and wound healing. The extract form typically concentrates the lignans and polyphenols found in flaxseed. Extensive research, including numerous randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, supports its efficacy, particularly for cardiovascular and metabolic effects, with evidence quality generally ranging from moderate to high.
Benefits
Flaxseed and its extracts offer several evidence-based benefits. A 2016 systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials indicated that flaxseed supplementation significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 2.5 to 4.6 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by 1.3 to 4.1 mmHg, with powder and oil forms being most effective, while lignan extracts alone showed less impact on SBP. For obesity and metabolic indices, a 2024 systematic review and meta-analysis reported that flaxseed supplementation leads to meaningful reductions in body weight, BMI, and waist circumference, suggesting its utility in weight management. Experimental evidence from a 2021 systematic review also suggests flaxseed extracts possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound healing properties, though this is primarily based on preclinical studies rather than large-scale human trials. However, a 2018 meta-analysis found no significant effect of flaxseed supplementation on plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), indicating limited evidence for systemic anti-inflammatory effects.
How it works
Flaxseed extract exerts its effects through several mechanisms. Its lignans, which are phytoestrogens, and alpha-linolenic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid) are key bioactive components. These compounds modulate lipid metabolism, reduce oxidative stress, and improve endothelial function, contributing to cardiovascular benefits. The antihypertensive effect is likely mediated by vasodilation and anti-inflammatory pathways. Weight management benefits may stem from the high fiber content, which promotes satiety, and the modulation of lipid metabolism. Additionally, the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of flaxseed extracts contribute to wound healing by mitigating oxidative damage and reducing microbial load in affected tissues.
Side effects
Flaxseed and its extracts are generally considered safe, with a low incidence of adverse effects. The most commonly reported side effects are mild gastrointestinal symptoms, such as bloating, gas, or diarrhea, particularly when consumed in larger quantities or without adequate fluid intake. There are no consistently reported significant drug interactions or contraindications in the reviewed literature. However, due to the phytoestrogen content, individuals in special populations, such as pregnant or breastfeeding women, should exercise caution and consult a healthcare professional before use, although definitive contraindications have not been established. Overall, serious adverse events are rare.
Dosage
Effective dosages of Linum usitatissimum vary depending on the preparation and desired outcome. For flaxseed powder, common effective doses in randomized controlled trials range from 30 to 50 grams per day. Flaxseed oil dosages typically provide 2 to 4 grams per day of alpha-linolenic acid. Lignan extracts have shown more variable efficacy, and their effective doses can vary widely. The timing and formulation influence bioavailability; whole seed powder offers both fiber and lignans, while oil primarily provides omega-3 fatty acids. There is no established maximum safe dose, but consumption above typical dietary supplementation levels should be monitored by a healthcare professional to avoid potential gastrointestinal discomfort.
FAQs
Is flaxseed extract effective for lowering blood pressure?
Yes, especially flaxseed powder and oil forms have demonstrated modest but statistically significant reductions in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Does flaxseed reduce inflammation?
Evidence is mixed; a meta-analysis found no significant effect on C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation, suggesting limited clinical anti-inflammatory effects.
Can flaxseed help with weight loss?
Yes, supplementation with flaxseed is associated with modest but meaningful reductions in body weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference.
Are there safety concerns with flaxseed extract?
Flaxseed is generally safe with mild gastrointestinal side effects like bloating or diarrhea. No major drug interactions or contraindications have been identified.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26071633/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis from 2016 by Jenkins et al. investigated the effects of flaxseed supplementation on blood pressure. It found significant reductions in SBP and DBP with flaxseed powder and oil, but not with lignan extracts alone, highlighting the importance of the form of flaxseed used. The study included multiple RCTs with adequate sample sizes.
- https://www.archivesofmedicalscience.com/A-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-of-clinical-trials-investigating-the-effects,74141,0,2.html – A 2018 systematic review and meta-analysis by Mazidi et al. assessed the impact of flaxseed supplementation on plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation. The study concluded that flaxseed had no significant effect on CRP levels, suggesting limited anti-inflammatory benefits in clinical settings. The analysis included well-controlled RCTs.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38992480/ – This recent 2024 meta-analysis focused on the effects of flaxseed supplementation on obesity indices. It reported significant reductions in body weight, BMI, and waist circumference, supporting flaxseed's role as an adjunctive therapy in obesity management. The study was noted for its high quality and consistent findings across trials.
- https://jppres.com/jppres/pdf/vol10/jppres21.1125_10.1.1.pdf – A 2021 systematic review explored the wound healing and antimicrobial properties of flaxseed extracts. It summarized experimental evidence suggesting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial benefits that contribute to wound healing. However, the review highlighted a lack of large-scale randomized controlled trials to confirm these effects clinically.