Lonicera
Also known as: Lonicera caerulea, Lonicera japonica, Haskap berry, Blue honeysuckle, Honeyberry, Honeysuckle, Japanese honeysuckle
Overview
Lonicera is a genus of shrubs and vines, with Lonicera caerulea (haskap berry, blue honeysuckle) and Lonicera japonica (Japanese honeysuckle) being the most studied for their health benefits. These plants are natural sources of polyphenols, anthocyanins, and flavonoids, and have been used in traditional medicine and as functional foods. Lonicera is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, and gastrointestinal health-supporting properties. Research on Lonicera is moderately mature, with numerous preclinical studies and some clinical trials, though large-scale randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses are limited. The available evidence suggests potential benefits for gastrointestinal health, oxidative stress reduction, and immune support. Lonicera extracts are available in various forms, including capsules, powders, and teas, derived from both the berries and flowers of different species.
Benefits
Lonicera species, particularly Lonicera caerulea and Lonicera japonica, offer several potential health benefits. Lonicera caerulea anthocyanins, combined with probiotics, have shown promise in reducing colitis severity in mice, with significant reductions in serum IL-6 and TNF-α (p < 0.05). Lonicera japonica extract (GCWB104) has demonstrated improvements in functional dyspepsia (FD) symptoms in humans, with 13 out of 15 symptoms improving in the treatment group compared to 6 out of 15 in controls (p = 0.0452 for total GSRS score improvement). Additionally, GCWB104 has been shown to reduce blood 8-OHdG, an oxidative stress marker, after 8 weeks (p < 0.05). Preclinical studies also suggest anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and lipid-lowering effects. These benefits are particularly relevant for individuals with mild to moderate gastrointestinal disorders or oxidative stress. While effect sizes for symptom improvement in FD are moderate, preclinical evidence strongly supports anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Symptom improvement has been observed within 8 weeks in clinical studies.
How it works
Lonicera exerts its effects through several key biological pathways. Its anti-inflammatory action involves the inhibition of NF-κB signaling and the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α. As an antioxidant, Lonicera scavenges reactive oxygen species and reduces oxidative stress markers like 8-OHdG. In vitro studies suggest an antiviral mechanism involving the inhibition of viral entry and the mitigation of cytokine storms, particularly in the context of SARS-CoV-2. These actions impact the gastrointestinal, immune, and metabolic systems. Molecular targets include the TLR4–MyD88–NF-κB pathway, cytokine receptors, and viral entry proteins. The anthocyanins and polyphenols in Lonicera are absorbed in the gut, with bioavailability influenced by formulation and co-ingestion with food.
Side effects
Lonicera is generally well-tolerated in both clinical and preclinical studies. Common, uncommon, and rare side effects have not been reported in available studies, and no significant adverse events were noted in clinical trials. No significant drug interactions have been reported. There are no established contraindications, although caution is advised for individuals with known allergies to Lonicera species. Due to limited data, caution is also advised regarding use during pregnancy, lactation, or in children. Overall, Lonicera appears to have a favorable safety profile based on current research, but further studies are needed to fully assess its long-term safety and potential adverse effects in specific populations. Individuals should always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement, especially if they have underlying health conditions or are taking medications.
Dosage
The minimum effective dose of Lonicera is not well established. Clinical studies have used 300 mg/day of Lonicera japonica extract (GCWB104) for gastrointestinal symptoms. This dosage may be considered an optimal range for standardized extracts targeting gastrointestinal issues. The maximum safe dose has not been established, but no toxicity has been reported at clinical doses. Lonicera is typically administered daily, with the timing not specifically defined in studies. Standardized extracts are preferred for consistency in active compound content. Absorption may be enhanced when taken with food. There are no identified required cofactors. Individuals should adhere to recommended dosages and consult with a healthcare provider before exceeding them.
FAQs
Is Lonicera safe to take?
Lonicera supplements are generally considered safe, with no significant adverse effects reported in clinical trials. However, it's important to use standardized products and consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement.
How should I take Lonicera?
Lonicera is typically administered daily, and it can be taken with or without food. Follow the dosage recommendations on the product label or as advised by your healthcare provider.
What benefits can I expect from taking Lonicera?
Lonicera may help improve gastrointestinal symptoms and reduce oxidative stress. Clinical studies have shown improvements within 8 weeks. However, it is not a cure-all, and benefits are moderate.
Are there any precautions I should be aware of?
While Lonicera is generally safe, individuals with known allergies to Lonicera species should exercise caution. Limited data exists on use during pregnancy, lactation, or in children, so consult with a healthcare provider before use.
Research Sources
- https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/13/1987 – This preclinical study investigated the effects of Lonicera caerulea anthocyanins and probiotics on colitis in mice. The findings indicated that the combination reduced colitis severity and inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and TNF-α, suggesting a potential therapeutic role in inflammatory bowel diseases.
- https://www.gutnliver.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.5009%2Fgnl19283 – This randomized controlled trial examined the effects of Lonicera japonica extract (GCWB104) on functional dyspepsia (FD) symptoms in humans. The results showed significant improvements in FD symptoms and a reduction in oxidative stress markers, indicating potential benefits for individuals with gastrointestinal disorders.
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.765553/full – This review summarizes the antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of Lonicera japonica. It highlights the potential of Lonicera japonica in various therapeutic applications based on its diverse pharmacological activities.
- https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/FSHW.2024.9250051 – This study investigates the protective effects of Lonicera japonica extract against PM2.5-induced lung injury in mice. The results suggest that Lonicera japonica extract can alleviate PM2.5-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in the lungs, indicating its potential as a protective agent against air pollution-related respiratory diseases.
- https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01599 – This study focuses on the identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in Lonicera caerulea berries. The research provides detailed information on the composition of bioactive compounds, which contribute to the antioxidant and health-promoting properties of the berries.
Supplements Containing Lonicera
Yin Chiao Plus
L.A. Naturals
Airborne Original Lozenges Berry
Airborne
Airborne Original Zesty Orange
Airborne
Airborne Original Very Berry
Airborne
Airborne Original Zesty Orange
Airborne
Airborne Original Zesty Orange
Airborne
Airborne Original
Airborne
Airborne Original Assorted Fruit Flavors
Airborne