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Manganese sulfate monohydrate

Also known as: Manganese(II) sulfate monohydrate, MnSO₄·H₂O, Manganese sulfate monohydrate

Overview

Manganese sulfate monohydrate is a synthetic form of manganese, an essential trace element crucial for various physiological functions. It is used as a dietary supplement to address manganese deficiency and support overall health. Manganese is naturally found in foods like nuts, legumes, seeds, and whole grains. As a supplement, it supports bone health, metabolism, and antioxidant functions. It acts as a cofactor for numerous enzymes involved in bone metabolism, antioxidant defense, and nutrient metabolism. While research suggests potential benefits, more comprehensive systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials are needed to fully understand its effects. The quality of available evidence varies, with some studies indicating benefits, but high-quality RCTs are limited. It is generally considered safe at recommended doses, but excessive intake can lead to neurotoxicity.

Benefits

Manganese sulfate monohydrate may support bone health and metabolism, although specific quantified outcomes from high-quality studies are limited. Some research suggests it may have antioxidant effects, potentially benefiting cardiometabolic health, but the evidence is mixed. A recent review examined the relationship between manganese exposure and metabolic syndrome, finding that higher dietary manganese may be associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome, but the evidence is not conclusive. The benefits are most pronounced for individuals with manganese deficiency or those at risk of deficiency. Further research is needed to determine effect sizes and clinical significance.

How it works

Manganese sulfate monohydrate acts as a cofactor for several enzymes involved in key biological pathways. It supports the skeletal, metabolic, and immune systems. Primarily, it functions as a cofactor for enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), which plays a critical role in antioxidant defense by neutralizing free radicals. It is also involved in enzymes that metabolize carbohydrates, amino acids, and cholesterol. While manganese is generally well-absorbed from the diet, specific data on the absorption and bioavailability of manganese sulfate monohydrate from supplements are limited.

Side effects

Manganese sulfate monohydrate is generally considered safe at recommended doses. However, excessive intake can lead to neurotoxicity. Common side effects are not well-documented for supplements, but potential gastrointestinal upset may occur. Rare side effects include neurological effects with high doses. It may interact with certain medications, such as antacids. High doses are contraindicated due to the risk of neurotoxicity. Pregnant women and individuals with kidney issues should consult healthcare providers before using manganese supplements. The upper limit for manganese intake is 11 mg/day for adults to avoid adverse effects.

Dosage

The minimum effective dose of manganese sulfate monohydrate from supplements is not well-established. Optimal dosage typically follows dietary recommendations, which are around 2.3 mg/day for adults. The maximum safe dose is 11 mg/day for adults. There are no specific timing recommendations for taking the supplement. Manganese sulfate monohydrate is commonly used in supplements. Absorption may be influenced by dietary factors. It's important not to exceed the recommended dose to avoid potential toxicity.

FAQs

What is manganese sulfate monohydrate used for?

It is used as a dietary supplement to provide manganese, an essential trace element that supports bone health, metabolism, and antioxidant functions.

Is manganese sulfate monohydrate safe?

It is generally safe at recommended doses. However, excessive intake can lead to neurotoxicity. Do not exceed the upper limit of 11 mg/day for adults.

When should I take manganese sulfate monohydrate?

There is no specific timing recommended. It can be taken with or without food, but consistency is key. Ensure not to exceed the recommended dose.

What are the expected results from taking manganese sulfate monohydrate?

It supports overall health by contributing to various enzymatic processes. Specific benefits may vary depending on individual needs and deficiencies.

Can manganese sulfate monohydrate cure diseases?

No, it is a dietary supplement and not a treatment for diseases. It supports overall health, but it should not be relied upon as a cure without evidence.

Research Sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35215474/ – This review examined the relationship between manganese exposure and metabolic syndrome. It found that higher dietary manganese may be associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome, but the evidence is not conclusive. The review included cross-sectional and case-control studies, but lacked prospective cohort studies and RCTs.
https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/sites/default/files/ntp/htdocs/lt_rpts/tr428.pdf – This is a report from the National Toxicology Program on the toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of manganese sulfate. The studies involved exposing rats and mice to manganese sulfate via feed. The report details the observed effects and provides an assessment of the potential health hazards associated with manganese sulfate exposure.
https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3435 – This scientific opinion from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) addresses the safety and efficacy of manganese compounds as feed additives for all animal species. It establishes safe levels of manganese in animal feed and assesses the potential risks to animal and human health.
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/m7899 – This is a product page for Manganese(II) sulfate monohydrate from Sigma-Aldrich. It provides chemical information, specifications, and safety data for the compound. It is a resource for researchers and industrial users of the chemical.
http://prodstoragehoeringspo.blob.core.windows.net/9cbcbe23-83c1-4ff5-92bc-183a263dfe86/34%20-%20Final_report_LOUS%20Manganese(II)sulfate.pdf – This report likely assesses the risks associated with the use of Manganese(II) sulfate. It probably includes an evaluation of potential hazards and exposure scenarios related to its use in specific applications. The report aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the safety aspects of Manganese(II) sulfate.