Mango fruit extract
Also known as: Mango, Mango fruit extract, Mangifera indica L.
Overview
Mango fruit extract is derived from the fruit of *Mangifera indica*, a tropical tree widely consumed globally. This botanical supplement is rich in bioactive compounds, including mangiferin, various polyphenols, essential vitamins (A, B6, E), and minerals (copper, folate, potassium), all contributing to its potent antioxidant properties. Research indicates its potential benefits across several health domains, such as enhancing skin health, supporting cardiovascular and metabolic functions, acting as an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent, and contributing to dental hygiene. While the research landscape for mango fruit extract is maturing with an increasing number of clinical trials and systematic reviews, high-quality randomized controlled trial data specifically on standardized extracts, as opposed to whole fruit or other mango parts, remain somewhat limited. The existing evidence, though promising, often includes heterogeneous interventions and populations, necessitating further focused research to solidify its therapeutic applications.
Benefits
Mango fruit extract offers several evidence-based benefits. For **skin health**, a meta-analysis indicated significant improvements in skin hydration and a reduction in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) after 8-12 weeks of supplementation, suggesting enhanced skin barrier function. This effect was observed across various fruit extracts, including mango derivatives, with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of -6.54 (95% CI: -12.15 to -0.92; p = 0.02). In terms of **cardiovascular and metabolic health**, a systematic review of 13 clinical trials on *M. indica* and its by-products reported beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors, such as improved lipid profiles and reduced inflammation. It also showed potential in managing obesity and diabetes. For **dental health**, a randomized controlled trial demonstrated that mango extract mouthwash significantly reduced cariogenic bacteria, positioning it as a promising adjunct for preventing dental caries. While preclinical studies suggest additional benefits like analgesic, immunomodulatory, anti-tumoral, antifungal, and blood glucose-lowering effects, these require further robust clinical validation.
How it works
The therapeutic actions of mango fruit extract are primarily attributed to its rich content of bioactive compounds, particularly mangiferin and various polyphenols. These compounds exert their effects through potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. They modulate key cellular signaling pathways, such as NF-κB and PI3K/AKT, which are crucial in regulating immune responses, cell survival (apoptosis), and metabolic processes. In skin health, the extract is believed to enhance the skin barrier function by reducing transepidermal water loss. Its antimicrobial effects, particularly relevant for dental health, stem from the ability of its phytochemicals to inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria. The absorption and bioavailability of these active compounds are influenced by the extract's preparation, with standardized extracts containing defined mangiferin content showing more consistent biological activity.
Side effects
Mango fruit extract is generally considered safe for consumption, with clinical trials reporting no major adverse effects. Mild gastrointestinal discomfort is a rare side effect that may occur. Currently, there are no significant drug interactions or contraindications that have been definitively documented in human studies. However, it is important to note that specific safety data for special populations, such as pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, or children, are insufficient. Therefore, caution is advised for these groups, and consultation with a healthcare professional is recommended before use. Individuals with known allergies to mango or other related fruits should also exercise caution. As with any supplement, adherence to recommended dosages is important to minimize the potential for any unforeseen reactions, although the overall safety profile appears favorable based on current research.
Dosage
Clinical studies on mango fruit extract show variability in dosing, but effective daily doses of the extract or its primary bioactive compound, mangiferin, typically range from approximately 100 mg to 500 mg. The precise dosage often depends on the extract's standardization and the specific health outcome being targeted. Most clinical trials have administered the supplement for durations spanning 8 to 12 weeks to observe beneficial effects. Optimal dosing strategies require further standardization, particularly concerning the specific bioactive content and desired clinical endpoints. The timing and form of administration (e.g., capsule, powder for systemic effects, or mouthwash for dental health) should be chosen based on the intended application. While no strict upper limits have been established, adhering to dosages used in research is advisable to ensure safety and efficacy.
FAQs
Is mango fruit extract effective for skin aging?
Evidence suggests it can improve skin hydration and reduce water loss, benefiting skin barrier health after 8-12 weeks of consistent use.
Can it help with cardiovascular health?
Systematic review data indicate potential improvements in lipid profiles and inflammatory markers, but more large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed.
Is mango extract safe?
Yes, it is generally considered safe with minimal side effects reported in clinical trials. Rare instances of mild gastrointestinal discomfort may occur.
How long before effects appear?
Most studies report that benefits from mango fruit extract typically become noticeable after 8 to 12 weeks of consistent daily intake.
Research Sources
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10436291/ – This meta-analysis, published in 2023, included three randomized controlled trials (n=186) and found that fruit extracts, including mango derivatives, significantly reduced transepidermal water loss (TEWL), indicating improved skin hydration. The study noted heterogeneity due to different fruit types and extract preparations but highlighted the high-quality methodology with placebo controls.
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10744517/ – This systematic review from 2023 analyzed 13 human interventional studies on *Mangifera indica* and its health effects, focusing on cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory outcomes. It found consistent evidence for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, improvements in lipid profiles, and potential benefits in obesity and diabetes management. The review adhered to PRISMA guidelines and Cochrane bias assessment for rigorous selection and quality evaluation.
- https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/11786388231204200 – This randomized controlled trial, published in 2023, demonstrated that a mango extract mouthwash significantly reduced cariogenic bacteria compared to a placebo. The study included appropriate controls and achieved statistical significance, supporting the antimicrobial efficacy of mango extract for oral health and its potential in preventing dental caries.
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