Meshimakobu
Also known as: Meshimakobu, Sanghuang, Phellinus linteus
Overview
Meshimakobu, scientifically known as *Phellinus linteus*, is a medicinal mushroom traditionally utilized in East Asia. It naturally grows on mulberry trees and has a long history of use for its purported health benefits. This fungus is primarily recognized for its potential antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is often incorporated into dietary supplements aimed at bolstering immune function and, in some contexts, as an adjunct therapy for cancer. *Phellinus linteus* contains various bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides, antioxidants, and enzymes, which are believed to modulate immune responses and mitigate oxidative stress. While preclinical studies and some small-scale clinical trials exist, comprehensive, high-quality systematic reviews and large-scale randomized controlled trials specifically on *Phellinus linteus* are currently limited, indicating that the research on its human efficacy and safety is still in its early stages.
Benefits
Meshimakobu demonstrates promising effects, primarily in preclinical settings. Its most notable benefit is its antitumor activity, which has been observed in animal models and *in vitro* studies. Research suggests it may enhance mitochondrial function and increase antioxidant enzyme activity, particularly in the kidneys of diabetic rats, indicating potential nephroprotective effects. For instance, animal studies showed statistically significant improvements (p<0.05) in mitochondrial enzymes and oxidative stress markers. Additionally, *Phellinus linteus* exhibits potential anti-inflammatory effects and immune-modulating properties, although human data supporting these claims are limited. While animal models of diabetes have shown renal protection, human safety data are preliminary but suggest tolerability. However, quantitative effect sizes in humans are not well-established, and most evidence stems from preclinical research or small pilot human safety studies, meaning robust clinical benefits for specific conditions in humans are yet to be definitively proven.
How it works
Meshimakobu exerts its effects primarily by enhancing mitochondrial function. It achieves this by increasing the activity of key enzymes involved in the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain, which are crucial for ATP production. This leads to improved cellular energy metabolism. Furthermore, *Phellinus linteus* demonstrates significant antioxidant effects by upregulating vital antioxidant defense systems, including mitochondrial superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and overall glutathione levels. While its primary observed impact is on renal mitochondria in diabetic models, it may also modulate the immune system through its polysaccharide content, though this mechanism is not yet fully elucidated. The specific molecular targets appear to be mitochondrial enzymes and the body's intrinsic antioxidant defense systems. Data on human pharmacokinetics and bioavailability are limited, but mushroom polysaccharides generally exhibit variable oral absorption.
Side effects
Preliminary human safety data suggest that Meshimakobu is generally well-tolerated with no major adverse effects reported in available studies. Common side effects have not been significantly observed. However, some studies have noted potential mild, non-clinically significant changes in platelet counts, specifically a reduction in males, though these changes remained within normal ranges and did not show dose-dependent trends. Due to these potential effects on platelets, caution is advised when Meshimakobu is used concurrently with anticoagulant medications, as drug interactions are not yet well-studied. There are no clearly established contraindications, but more research is needed to fully define them. Safety in special populations, such as pregnant or lactating women and children, has not been established, and its use in these groups should be avoided or undertaken with extreme caution and medical supervision.
Dosage
The optimal and minimum effective dosages for Meshimakobu in humans are not yet standardized. Animal studies have utilized doses ranging from 50-250 mg/kg, but these findings do not directly translate to human recommendations. Currently, there is no established optimal human dosage, and the concentration of active compounds can vary significantly between different supplement products. The maximum safe dose is also unknown, though no toxicity has been reported at tested doses in animal studies or preliminary human pilot studies. In research settings, daily administration is typical. When considering supplementation, extracts standardized for their polysaccharide content are generally preferred, as these are believed to be the primary bioactive compounds. Information regarding absorption factors and cofactors that might enhance bioavailability is currently lacking, making it difficult to provide specific recommendations for optimizing its uptake.
FAQs
Is Meshimakobu safe?
Preliminary human data suggest Meshimakobu is safe for short-term use with minimal reported side effects. However, long-term safety and effects in specific populations are not yet fully established.
How long until effects are seen?
Animal studies show biochemical changes after 30 days of use. However, human efficacy data are insufficient to determine how long it takes to observe effects in people.
Can it be used with other medications?
Caution is advised if you are taking blood thinners due to possible mild effects on platelet counts. Always consult your healthcare provider before combining Meshimakobu with other medications.
Does it cure cancer?
No, there is no clinical evidence to support that Meshimakobu cures cancer. Its observed antitumor effects are primarily from preclinical studies and are considered adjunctive at best.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32293681/ – This animal study investigated the effects of *Phellinus rimosus* (a related species) in diabetic rats. It found significant improvements in mitochondrial enzyme activity, antioxidant status, and ATP levels, suggesting nephroprotective benefits. The study highlights the potential of medicinal mushrooms in mitigating diabetic complications.
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.788965/full – This preclinical safety study evaluated a related *Phellinus* strain (GKSS) in rats. It reported no mortality and only mild, non-clinically significant reductions in platelet counts in male rats. This study provides preliminary safety data, though its direct human relevance is limited.
- https://www.science.gov/topicpages/m/mushroom+phellinus+linteus.html – This source provides general information about *Phellinus linteus*, including its common names and scientific classification. It serves as a foundational reference for understanding the identity of the mushroom.
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7079055/ – This article discusses the general properties and potential health benefits of medicinal mushrooms, including *Phellinus linteus*. It provides context on the broader category of fungal extracts and their traditional uses.
- https://www.yaegaki.co.jp/bio/en/product_functionalfi/438/ – This commercial source provides information on a specific *Phellinus linteus* product. While not a peer-reviewed scientific study, it offers insights into how the mushroom is marketed and its purported functional properties from an industry perspective.
Supplements Containing Meshimakobu
Super Greens Unflavored
Country Farms
Super Greens Berry
Country Farms
Super Greens Chocolate
Country Farms
Super Greens Delicious Berry Flavor
Country Farms
Super Greens Delicious Apple Banana Flavor
Country Farms
Super S'hrooms
Country Farms
Mighty Mushrooms
Country Farms
Collagen + Greens Unflavored
Country Farms
Orgain Wonder GUT
Orgain®
Country Farms Super Greens Natural Flavor, 50 Organic Super Foods, USDA Organic Drink Mix, Fruits, Vegetables, Super Greens, Mushrooms & Probiotics.
Windmill Health Products