Mixed Tocotrienols And Tocopherols
Also known as: Tocotrienols (alpha, beta, gamma, delta), Tocopherols (alpha, beta, gamma, delta), Vitamin E (tocotrienols and tocopherols), Mixed Tocotrienols and Tocopherols
Overview
Mixed tocotrienols and tocopherols are naturally occurring fat-soluble compounds that belong to the Vitamin E family. They are potent antioxidants found in various plant oils such as palm oil, rice bran oil, wheat germ, nuts, and seeds. While tocopherols are more common in the typical Western diet, research on tocotrienols is growing due to their unique unsaturated side chain, which may confer distinct biological activities. These compounds are primarily used as dietary supplements to provide antioxidant support, promote cardiovascular health, and reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. The research maturity for tocopherols is well-established, while tocotrienol research is emerging, particularly in areas of cardiovascular and metabolic health. Both forms are crucial for cellular protection against free radical damage, with tocotrienols showing promise for specific health benefits beyond those of tocopherols.
Benefits
Mixed tocotrienols supplementation has demonstrated significant benefits, particularly in reducing inflammation. A meta-analysis showed a significant reduction in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, a marker of inflammation, with a weighted mean difference of -0.61 mg/L (95% CI: -0.82, -0.40, p < 0.001) in studies lasting at least 6 months with sample sizes of 60 or more participants. This effect, while modest, is statistically significant and clinically relevant for individuals with elevated inflammatory markers or cardiovascular risk factors. Emerging evidence suggests that tocotrienols may be more effective than tocopherols in improving heart health, especially in patients with atherosclerotic diseases. Both compounds exhibit well-documented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, leading to improvements in oxidative stress biomarkers. The benefits are more pronounced in populations with pre-existing cardiovascular risk factors, with significant effects on inflammatory markers typically observed after at least six months of consistent supplementation.
How it works
Mixed tocotrienols and tocopherols exert their effects primarily through potent antioxidant activity, scavenging free radicals and protecting cells from oxidative damage. They also modulate inflammatory pathways, notably by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), a protein complex that controls DNA transcription and is involved in inflammatory responses. Furthermore, tocotrienols have been shown to inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme crucial for cholesterol synthesis, which contributes to their cardiovascular benefits. These compounds primarily interact with the cardiovascular, immune, and metabolic systems. They are absorbed in the intestine with dietary fat; while tocotrienols may have lower plasma concentrations compared to tocopherols, they can accumulate in tissues, potentially leading to sustained biological activity.
Side effects
Mixed tocotrienols and tocopherols are generally well-tolerated at recommended doses, with no major safety concerns reported in healthy adults. Mild gastrointestinal discomfort is a rare, occasional side effect. Uncommon side effects, reported in 1-5% of users, may include mild headache or fatigue, though these are rarely observed. Very rare side effects, occurring in less than 1% of users, include hypersensitivity reactions. A significant safety consideration is the potential interaction with anticoagulants (blood thinners) due to vitamin E's mild anticoagulant effect; caution is advised for patients on such medications. Contraindications include hypersensitivity to vitamin E and caution is recommended for individuals with bleeding disorders. While generally safe for most populations, there is insufficient data regarding safety in pregnant or lactating women, who should consult a healthcare provider before use.
Dosage
The minimum effective dose for mixed tocotrienols and tocopherols is not definitively established, but most research studies utilize 100–400 mg/day of tocotrienols. For antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, an optimal dosage range of 100–400 mg/day of tocotrienols, with or without tocopherols, is commonly used. The maximum safe dose for total vitamin E (all forms) is generally considered up to 800 mg/day for adults; however, long-term intake of high doses may increase the risk of bleeding. For optimal absorption, these supplements are best taken with meals containing dietary fat. Softgel or oil-based forms are preferred due to better absorption. Concurrent use with mineral oil or fat-blocking agents should be avoided as they can hinder absorption. No specific cofactors are required, but adequate dietary fat is essential for proper absorption.
FAQs
What are the primary uses of mixed tocotrienols and tocopherols?
They are primarily used for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory support, especially beneficial for individuals with elevated cardiovascular risk factors. They help protect cells from oxidative damage and reduce inflammation.
Are there any significant safety concerns or drug interactions?
Generally safe, but caution is advised if you are on blood thinners or have bleeding disorders due to a mild anticoagulant effect. Always consult a healthcare provider if you have pre-existing conditions or are on medication.
When is the best time to take these supplements?
For optimal absorption, it is best to take mixed tocotrienols and tocopherols with meals that contain dietary fat. This enhances their bioavailability in the body.
What kind of results can I expect and how long does it take?
You can expect modest reductions in inflammatory markers, particularly in high-risk groups. Significant benefits on inflammatory markers are typically observed after at least six months of consistent supplementation.
Is all Vitamin E the same as mixed tocotrienols and tocopherols?
No, not all Vitamin E supplements contain tocotrienols. While tocopherols are common, tocotrienols offer unique benefits beyond those of tocopherols, especially concerning cardiovascular health.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34297765/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigated the effects of mixed tocotrienols supplementation. It found that mixed tocotrienols significantly reduced C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in studies lasting at least 6 months with sample sizes of 60 or more participants, indicating a beneficial anti-inflammatory effect.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34207571/ – This review article provides a comprehensive overview of tocotrienols and tocopherols, highlighting their roles as bioactive dietary compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It emphasizes that tocotrienols possess unique biological activities distinct from tocopherols, contributing to their diverse health benefits.
- https://www.nutritionaloutlook.com/view/tocotrienol-vs-tocopherol-a-systematic-review-highlights-superior-efficacy-in-heart-health-improvement – This systematic review suggests that tocotrienols may be more effective than tocopherols in improving heart health, particularly in patients with atherosclerotic diseases. The findings indicate a potential superior efficacy of tocotrienols in cardiovascular health outcomes.
Supplements Containing Mixed Tocotrienols And Tocopherols
CoQ-Gamma E with Tocotrienols & Carotenoids
Allergy Research Group
CoQ-Gamma E with Tocotrienols & Carotenoids
Allergy Research Group
CoQ-Gamma E with Tocotrienols & Carotenoids
NutriCology
One Step Unflavored
PL Progressive Laboratories
One Step Chocolate Flavor
Progressive Professional from Progressive Laboratories
RECHARGE NAD+ CELLULAR DETOX & ENERGY SUPPORT
Isagenix®