Myoviridae Ll12
Also known as: Myoviridae LL12, Bacteriophage LL12
Overview
Myoviridae LL12, commonly known as Bacteriophage LL12, is a bacteriophage belonging to the Myoviridae family, which are viruses that infect bacteria. It is primarily researched for its potential to modulate gut microbiota, particularly in reducing pathogenic bacteria while promoting beneficial microbiota. Myoviridae phages are characterized by their contractile tails and lytic cycle, where they infect and lyse bacterial cells. Research on Myoviridae LL12 is emerging, with studies indicating its safety and potential benefits in modulating gut microbiota. It is being explored for its role in gastrointestinal health, with some randomized controlled trials suggesting positive outcomes. Bacteriophages like LL12 act locally in the gut and are generally not absorbed into the bloodstream.
Benefits
Studies indicate that bacteriophages like LL12 can reduce pathogenic bacteria such as *E. coli* and increase beneficial bacteria like *Eubacterium*. This modulation of gut microbiota may lead to reduced gastrointestinal distress symptoms and potential anti-inflammatory effects through reduced cytokine levels. Healthy adults with mild to moderate gastrointestinal distress may experience the most benefit. While specific effect sizes are not well-documented, significant reductions in *E. coli* and increases in beneficial bacteria have been reported within a few weeks of supplementation. The evidence is considered moderate, based on available randomized controlled trials.
How it works
Myoviridae LL12 selectively infects and lyses pathogenic bacteria, thereby modulating the gut microbiota. This interaction primarily occurs within the gastrointestinal system, influencing the composition of the gut microbiota. The phages bind to bacterial cell walls and inject their genetic material, leading to replication and subsequent lysis of the bacterial cell. As phages act locally in the gut, they are generally not absorbed into the bloodstream.
Side effects
Myoviridae LL12 is generally considered safe and well-tolerated in human studies. Common side effects are not well-documented, but some individuals may experience gastrointestinal symptoms due to changes in microbiota composition. Uncommon and rare side effects have not been reported in available studies. No significant drug interactions have been reported, and there are no established contraindications. However, caution is advised in immunocompromised individuals due to the potential effects on microbiota. Long-term effects are not well-studied, so continuous monitoring is recommended.
Dosage
The minimum effective dose of Myoviridae LL12 is not well-established, but it is typically used in combination with other phages at doses around 15 mg per capsule. Optimal dosage ranges and the maximum safe dose are not yet defined. It is typically taken daily, and capsules are a common form. As it acts locally in the gut, absorption factors are less relevant. There are no established required cofactors. Further research is needed to determine precise dosage guidelines for specific applications.
FAQs
How long does it take to see benefits?
Benefits from Myoviridae LL12 may be observed within a few weeks of supplementation, as indicated by studies showing changes in gut microbiota composition.
Is Myoviridae LL12 safe?
It is generally considered safe, but long-term effects are not well-studied. Monitoring for any adverse gastrointestinal symptoms is advisable.
How should I take Myoviridae LL12?
It is typically taken once daily, often in capsule form. Follow the specific product's instructions for administration.
What results can I expect?
Expected results include a reduction in gastrointestinal distress and modulation of gut microbiota, such as a decrease in pathogenic bacteria.
Is Myoviridae LL12 a replacement for antibiotics?
No, it is not a replacement for antibiotics. It works by targeting specific bacteria in the gut, rather than having a broad-spectrum effect.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30157383/ – The Bacteriophage for Gastrointestinal Health (PHAGE) study was an RCT involving 43 participants. The study demonstrated that a mixture of bacteriophages, including LL12, was safe and tolerable, with improvements in gastrointestinal symptoms. This suggests that phage therapy could be a viable option for managing gut health.
- https://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/Article/2019/04/02/Phage-cocktail-shows-gut-microbiota-benefits-Deerland-RCT-data/ – This study reported significant reductions in *E. coli* and increases in beneficial bacteria like *Eubacterium* with phage supplementation. The findings suggest that phage cocktails can effectively modulate gut microbiota composition, potentially leading to improved digestive health.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/4/751 – This literature review highlights the potential of phages in modulating microbiota without causing dysbiosis. It suggests that phage therapy could be a targeted approach to managing bacterial populations in the gut, offering a more precise alternative to broad-spectrum antibiotics.
- https://www.newbornjournal.org/abstractArticleContentBrowse/JNB/34922/JPJ/fullText – This article discusses the use of bacteriophages in newborns. It highlights the potential of phage therapy to treat bacterial infections in this vulnerable population, offering a targeted approach to combatting pathogens while preserving beneficial bacteria.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/9/1420 – This review explores the application of bacteriophages in the food industry. It discusses the potential of phages to control bacterial contamination in food products, offering a natural and targeted approach to enhancing food safety and reducing the risk of foodborne illnesses.